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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the major political and social effects of the Hong Kong National Security Law on Hong Kong. It is argued that the enactment of this Law allows Hong Kong not only to end its protracted political turmoil since its return to China in 1997, but also will generate the favorable conditions for long-term stability and effective governance in the territory.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the author's close observation of what had happened in Hong Kong in the year since the Hong Kong National Security Law came into effect on 1 July 2020.FindingsThe Hong Kong National Security Law has brought about significant changes in the political psychology of Hongkongers, the balance of power among different political forces, the ability of external forces to interfere in Hong Kong politics, the way Hong Kong is governed, the relationship between the government and the legislature, the activities in the educational and cultural sectors, and the behavior of the judiciary.Originality/valueThis paper would be of interest to scholars and people who are interested in the implementation of "One Country, Two Systems" in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) as well as Beijing's new policy towards Hong Kong in the aftermath of Hong Kong's unprecedented riots and violence.

Purpose
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) Strategy is an important component of the "Belt and Road Initiative" of China. The purpose of this Project is to develop the GBA into the most open, market-oriented and innovative pole of economic growth in China. The GBA Project provides Hong Kong with a rare opportunity to diversify its industrial structure and to move into a new and higher stage of economic development.


Design/methodology/approach
Being an integral part of the GBA, Hong Kong is expected and supported by the Central Government to develop into a hub of the Area, and, leveraging on Hong Kong's status as an international metropolis, to connect the Area as a whole with the world.


Findings
China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Project is a major national development strategy and is a major part of the Belt and Road Initiative. Hong Kong is going to play an important role in the Project and will benefit from it enormously in the future in terms of economic growth and the upgrading of its industrial structure. However, in order to take full advantage of participation in the Project, the way Hong Kong is governed, particularly the government's role in economic development, has to be modified significantly.


Originality/value
In order to take advantage of the Project, the Hong Kong SAR Government has to play a bigger and more proactive role in Hong Kong's socioeconomic development and to strengthen its capacity to mobilize societal participation in the Project.

Since the handover, Hong Kong's middle-class has transformed from a self-confident and complacent social group to a group stricken by anxiety and discontent. These changes have brought about middle-class radicalism, "poisoned" Hong Kong's political atmosphere, deepened government-people conflict, and aggravated social and political friction. As the middle class still has vested interests in the existing institutional arrangements, middle-class instability is not likely to result in political turmoil in post-handover Hong Kong.