Suchergebnisse

Abstract In 1986 the northwest Atlantic sea urchin was little more than a nuisance to local fishermen. Six years later, sea urchins were the second most valuable fishery in Maine, next the lobsters. This paper examines the initiation and early development of the northwest Atlantic sea urchin industry. The industry is unique because of its quick growth and its reliance on international markets. On the basis of ethnographic research, I examine the ability of firms already working in in‐shore fisheries to adapt to the introduction of international markets for a new product. Institutional arrangements of the working waterfront facilitate these adaptations through technological and social flexibility. In addition, flexible adaptation to the sea urchin market was not inhibited by existing formal or informal institutions. This analysis of the sea urchin industry and the working waterfront contributes to current discussions about small‐firm networks and the economic sociology of industries.

1. Introduction -- 2. Picking a partner -- 3. I do, you do, we all do -- 4. Why marry at all? -- 5. What about love? -- 6. Hooking up -- 7. Dating -- 8. The proposal and the wedding -- 9. Sleeping, spending time, and having sex -- 10. Sharing children, the work, and a name -- 11. Love, abuse, and calling it quits -- 12. Thinking about change -- 13. Thinking about "radical" change -- 14. Thinking about the rules -- 15. Thinking about other explanations -- 16. Conclusions.

In Getting Married, Carrie Yodanis and Sean Lauer examine the social rules and expectations that shape our most personal relationships. How do couples get together? How do people act when they're married? What happens when they're not? Public factors influence our private relationships. From getting engaged to breaking up, social rules and expectations shape and constrain whom we select as a spouse, when and why we decide to get married, and how we arrange our relationships day to day. While this book is about marriage, it is also about sociology. Yodanis and Lauer use the case of marriage to explore a sociological perspective. Getting Married will bring together students'academic and social worlds by applying sociology to the things they are thinking about and experiencing outside of the classroom. This book is a useful tool for many sociology courses, including those on family, gender, and introduction to sociology.

Interethnic intimate relationships are generally considered to be an indicator of assimilation processes, or the weakening of cultural boundaries between ethnic groups (Alba and Nee, 2003). In our research, however, we find that interethnic couples may maintain cultural boundaries and differences in their relationships. Based on interviews with people in interethnic relationships, we find that partners can use language to preserve their two distinct cultures and mutually engage in each other's culture. We consider these dynamics to be an indicator of multiculturalism in intimate relationships – an appreciation for, interest in, and commitment to difference.

We address an idea in the study of families that is growing in acceptance—marriage today is individualized. Using a new institutional perspective, we review the literature to evaluate whether marriage is actually individualized. We discuss the commonly used indicators of individualization, questioning some of the key indicators and calling for a greater focus on the examination of actual behaviors of married spouses. We also review the empirical evidence for individualized marriage. We conclude that more attention should be paid to data showing that the majority of spouses engage in interdependent and integrated behaviors and that trends are not clearly in a trajectory toward individualization. Institutions, including formal and informal rules and taken‐for‐granted assumptions, do not change easily.

Across the social sciences, there is a consensus that the institution of marriage is undergoing dramatic changes. In this paper, we reconsider conceptually the discussion surrounding Cherlin's (2004) work on the deinstitutionalization of marriage. We apply ideas from the new institutionalism in sociology and economics to the special case of marriage and consider its implications for the conceptualization and operationalization of a deinstitutionalization of marriage. We also provide new institutional explanations for why the institution of marriage persists now and is likely to persist into the future.

History of Vancouver Neighbourhood Houses and Beyond / Sean Lauer, Miu Chung Yan, and Eleanor Stebner -- The Eyes and Ears of the Community: Engaging Citizens and Community Advocacy / Oliver Schmidtke -- Mechanism of Connection: Accessibility and Beyond / Miu Chung Yan -- Social Infrastructure for Building Community / Sean Lauer -- Trajectories of Life and Belonging in the Neighbourhood Houses of Metro Vancouver / Pilar Riaño-Alcalá and Erika Ono -- From Immigrant to Citizen: Life Stories of Transformation / Jenny Francis -- Limitations and Potentials of Neighbourhood Houses in Community-Building / Miu Chung Yan and Sean Lauer.

Accessibility to public resources has been a major challenge to many service users. The fragmentation among different organizational stakeholders in social service generates a 'wicked problem' that creates an institutional barrier for service users in the community to navigate the maze of service networks. However, this institutional barrier has not been fully discussed and articulated in the social service literature. Based on the findings of a study on Neighbourhood House in Metro Vancouver, Canada, we argue that as a place-based community service organization it has successfully generated an institutional accessibility for service providers and service users to reach each other.

Approaches to state provision of childcare have typically focused on the relative weight of state or market provision. In this article we follow a new institutional approach to the relationship between states and markets to examine the au pair industry, emphasising the role of states in the creation of markets for childcare. Research on the market provision of childcare has focused on the ambiguity in defining caring as work, which has led to the low value of care work. In this article we propose that those ambiguities also exist at the state level and impact the creation of the market for foreign childcare. Examining the development of au pair policies in the US, UK, and Australia, we find three strategies that involve defining au pairs not as employees, but rather as foreign visitors, exchange students, or family members. These strategies allow for by passing restrictions on immigration, increasing the supply of care providers, and circumventing compliance with labour regulations, thereby reducing the cost to families.

Caroline Mniszak, Carrie Yodanis, and Sean Lauer on a Korean coordinating trend and a cross-cultural desire to express interdependence

Through in‐depth interviews with respondents who were in interethnic relationships (N =28), the authors extended and refined a new approach to mate selection based on affiliative ethnic identities (T. Jimenez, 2010). Rather than assimilation and a breakdown of ethnic group boundaries, they found that people pursued interethnic relationships because of the ethnic differences they include. These relationships gave them access to an affiliate ethnic or multicultural identity. This perspective does not challenge but rather complements existing theories of mate selection, including the role of opportunity structures, exchange of benefits, and growing acceptance of or freedom to pursue interethnic relationships. Ethnic differences can remain central as people meet, fall in love, and marry across these differences.