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Geographic Knowledge Engineering: Applications to Territorial Intelligence and Smart Citiesstudies the specific nature of geographic knowledge and the structure of geographic knowledge bases. Geographic relations, ontologies, gazetteers and rules are detailed as the basic components of such bases, and these rules are defined to develop our understanding of the mechanisms of geographic reasoning. The book examines various problems linked to geovisualization, chorems, visual querying and interoperability to shape knowledge infrastructure for smart governance.Provides geographic business rulesPresents information on multi-actor, multicriteria decision support systemsExamines various problems linked to geovisualization, chorems, visual querying and interoperability Robert Laurini is a world-renowned specialist in geographic information systems on which he has written several books and more than 200 papers. His research focuses on geographic knowledge and rule engineering for smart cities and territorial intelligence.

Urban planners who need to design information systems require an understanding of systems analysis, data acquisition and GIS. In recent times the need has been to make computer-based maps by using a GIS, but planners now need tools for co-operative work using groupware systems, for global visualization and real-time monitoring of urban activities and phenomena. Planners have moved beyond drawing land use plans, to examining the evolution of urban activities to monitor and analyze urban societal and environmental problems.Both practitioners and students will find this book useful, provided they

2.3 Measurements and spatial relationships2.4 Categories of spatial problems; 2.5 Some examples of multi-faceted needs; 2.6 Main categories of tools in a spatial information system; 2.7 Some implications for the design of spatial information systems; 2.8 Bibliography; Chapter 3. Semantics: Objects, surfaces, data; 3.1 The information in a spatial information system; 3.2 Non-spatial attributes; 3.3 Spatial characteristics of entities; 3.4 Combinations of types; 3.5 Continuous variation over and in space; 3.6 Spatial and non-spatial properties together