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This book critically addresses the model of social inclusion that prevailed in Brazil under the rule of the Workers Party from the early 2000s until 2015. It examines how the emergence of a mass consumer society proved insufficient, not only to overcome underdevelopment, but also to consolidate the comprehensive social protection system inherited from Brazil's 1988 Constitution. By juxtaposing different theoretical frameworks, this book scrutinizes how the current finance-dominated capitalism has reshaped the role of social policy, away from rights-based decommodified benefits and towards further commodification. This constitutes the Brazilian paradox: how a center-left government has promoted and boosted financialization through a market incorporation strategy using credit as a lever for expanding financial inclusion. In so doing, it has pushed the subjection of social policy further into the logic of financial markets.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how financialized capitalism has radically subverted the role and logic of social policy, provoking a sea change in the realm of social welfare, particularly in the global South, and breaking with previous frameworks which were grounded in principles of redistribution. In the process, new blueprints have emerged which raise concerns: re‐commodification has replaced de‐commodification; and debt, through financial inclusion, now serves as an alternative to exclusion. Drawing on the Brazilian case, the author scrutinizes the social protection paradigm that tends to prevail in the developing world in the 21stcentury, based on microfinance, conditional cash transfers, basic pensions and social floors. The author's assumption is that we are witnessing the collateralization of social policy: credit and debt, along with new financial devices, are becoming the cornerstones of what used to be social protection systems, so as to respond to the needs of finance‐dominated capitalism. As a result, economic insecurity is likely to increase, accentuating inequality trends and exacerbating vulnerability.

Resumo: Esse artigo debate alguns pontos desenvolvidos no mais recente relatório das Nações Unidas intitulado Avanços do Mundo das Mulheres 2015-2016 - Transformando as Economias, Implementando Direitos, que trata da persistência das desigualdades de gênero no mundo contemporâneo. Explora notadamente aspectos ligados às consequências das políticas macroeconômicas ortodoxas na reprodução dessas desigualdades por restringir o gasto público e as políticas universais.

This paper examines the extent to which poverty reduction schemes and targeting replaced the incomplete framework of social protection and universality in Latin America over the last decade, through the provision of monetary cash transfers rather than decommodified goods and services. Is this a turning point towards a new pattern of social policy in the region, characterized by basic standards, controls and selectivity for those who cannot afford market provision? What are the outcomes of such a turnaround with regard to poverty and inequality? Are there setbacks in the reduction of inequality, notably in terms of failing to overcome patterns of segregation and the social stigma of poverty? Will these new trends reinforce the case for reforming social protection pillars for the non-poor? Will the discourse of privatization gain a new momentum and reverse the counter-reforms in favor of integrated public systems? The first section of this paper provides the conceptual background to understand why social protection systems and poverty reduction strategies differ, highlighting the role of the various components of social protection and their arguments in economic terms and for purposes of equity and social justice. Likewise, two distinct paradigms will be confronted: on the one hand, the social risk management strategy (Holzmann and Jørgensen 2000), and, on the other, universal social protection systems as they were gradually fashioned during the golden years of the 20th century in Western countries. The second section scrutinizes the profile of the public provision of welfare in some Latin American countries, through an overview of social spending, presenting the main features of conditional cash transfer programs in Latin America and other contributory schemes that have been reshaped as of late. The last section draws lessons from the experiment of the Bolsa Família Program in Brazil to discuss the effectiveness and the limits of conditional cash transfers on poverty reduction and inequality. Finally, the ...

O artigo discute a natureza e viabilidade dos programas de renda minima em curso em alguns municipios brasileiros. Descrevem-se tres estudos de caso, em Brasilia, Belo Horizonte e Vitoria, e com base em simulacoes questionam-se as reais possibilidades de os municipios brasileiros, na sua grande maioria, implementarem programas afins. A conclusao mais geral e a imperiosa necessidade de se constituir um programa nacional, co-financiado pelas tres esferas de governo, em que a participacao dos governos federal e estadual deve ser diretamente proporcional ao numero de pobres no municipio e inversamente proporcional a sua capacidade fiscal. (Novos Estud CEBRAP/DÜI)