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The article presents a historical and cultural analysis of family traditions in the context of festive culture in Russia in the XIX century. The importance of studying traditional family holidays and their potential for the modern development of Russian culture has been updated. The authors point to the historical and cultural connection of spiritual and moral education and personal development in Russia with Orthodox culture and family traditions as sources of values formation, as a teacher of high standards of morality. It is noted that one of the mechanisms for the transmission of traditions and the spiritual and moral development of a person is holidays. The article offers an analysis of theoretical studies of the holiday within the framework of the «mythological school», «school of borrowing», the agrarian theory of the holiday, the «labor» theory of the holiday, the «sacred» concept of the holiday, the theory of mass culture. This analysis of the concepts of the holiday as a cultural phenomenon allows us to identify the essential characteristics of the holiday and its role in the functioning of the spiritual and moral tradition. The authors note that family and household holidays and rituals, which have been forming for many centuries, are of great importance in the system of festive culture. Family celebrations reflect traditional life and family traditions. Within the framework of the study, the authors divide family and household holidays into personal family and household holidays and into social family and household holidays. The characteristics of two types of holidays are given. It is emphasized that the Russian family of the period under review was characterized by the maintenance of the traditional Slavic family structure. It is concluded that the festive culture in Russia in the XIX century carries a powerful spiritual and moral potential and can be considered as a resource for spiritual and moral education in modern conditions