Suchergebnisse

How the elements of the United States' government work together is a question that can betraced back to the the vigorous debates at the Republic's founding. This dissertation movesthe research forward by bringing to bear new data, in particular databases of governmentactions including: executive orders, Senate committee assignments, and the CongressionalRecord; as well as non-governmental information including: polling, and media coverage.The analysis is divided into three papers. Chapter 2 focuses on the link between Congressand the Executive through presidents' use of executive orders. I find that since 1936 thenumber of significant orders issued per year has remained basically level. I estimate thatover 75% or significant executive orders have shifted policy outcomes closer to the congressional majority's preference. From this I conclude that executive orders generally serve as a steady, shared policymaking tool between Congress and the president. Chapter 3 focuseson the link between Congress and the public. I use a new dataset of over 3,000 surveyquestions to measure the public's perceptions -- perceived issue ownership -- and comparethat to measures of each party's Senate committee preferences -- legislative issue ownership. On average, there is little to no relationship between the two. Chapter 4 focuses on senators' committee preferences in response to declining media coverage of Congress, examining the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees from 1947 to 2006. The research relies on new, continuous measures of committee desirability and a unique dataset of congressional press coverage. Although both committees' visibility and attractiveness have declined dramatically over 60 years, statistical analyses indicate that change in internal rules and external events are relatively more important than the media as predictors for senators' investment in committee careers.

The field of theoretical ecology has expanded dramatically in the last few years. This volume gives detailed coverage of the main developing areas in spatial ecological theory, and is written by world experts in the field. Integrating the perspective from field ecology with novel methods for simplifying spatial complexity, it offers a didactical treatment with a gradual increase in mathematical sophistication from beginning to end. In addition, the volume features introductions to those fundamental phenomena in spatial ecology where emerging spatial patterns influence ecological outcomes quantitatively. An appreciation of the consequences of this is required if ecological theory is to move on in the 21st century. Written for reseachers and graduate students in theoretical, evolutionary and spatial ecology, applied mathematics and spatial statistics, it will be seen as a ground breaking treatment of modern spatial ecological theory