Suchergebnisse

Introduction. The gradual and relentless development of alternative energy sources and the constant strug-gle of humanity with excess greenhouse gas emissions led to the simultaneous development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Currently, vehicles that run exclusively on electricity and are virtually safe for the environment are becoming increasingly popular. Among the variety of vehicles running on electricity, it is necessary to single out vehicles that use compressed hydrogen to generate electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are already widely used in the United States, Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world, and their governments are constantly expanding and developing the appropriate infrastructure for them.The purpose and objectives of the study. The paper analyses the basic structure of HFCV and identifies the main scenarios of possible emergencies, namely: fire or explosion of fuel tanks with hydrogen; leakage, flaming of hydrogen from fuel lines (tank) under the high pressure; high-pressure hydrogen jet fire; leakage of hydrogen in the compartment (garage, closed parking) without further combustion.Methods. In the work on the subsequent literature review, the probable dangers for the personnel of the emergency rescue units involved in the elimination of certain emergency scenarios were identified.Results. It is established that: during the combustion of HFCV the most probable jet fire of hydrogen (flame temperature can reach 2000 0C), and also possible explosion of hydrogen cylinders or gas-air mixture with a significant range. Secondly, leakage of hydrogen in the compartment can cause its destruction in a relatively short period (about 15 seconds), and/or poisoning (asphyxia) of people due to a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration.Conclusions. The analysis and generalization of existing knowledge on the potential hazard of HFCV is conducted, electric cars give us reasonable grounds to argue that the regulatory framework for the construction and installation of security ...

Introduction. Today, fire and rescue formations of the SES of Ukraine use self-contained breathing apparatus (hereinafter SCBA) to perform their assigned tasks in a non-breathable environment, namely during firefighting, emergency response and other unqualified emergencies.The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to reduce the time of organization and involvement of the SCBA crews to perform the assigned actions.To achieve this goal were: analysed the number of SCBA domestic and foreign production, which is in the operational calculation of units of the SES of Ukraine; analysed the procedure for operational inspection and verification № 1 SCBA, which may affect the efficiency of SCBA crews during emergency response; conducted experimental studies to determine the time of the operational inspection using an alternative method of inspection and modern fire and technical equipment. Methods. The paper uses an analytical analysis of statistical data and best practices of the European Union. Analytical conclusions and analysis provided the basis for experimental research to confirm the correctness of the obtained analytical conclusions. Results. According to the results of the analysis of statistical indicators, it was determined that the total number of TSAs of foreign production as of 2021 is 88% of the total number of TSAs that are in the operational calculation of the SES of Ukraine. It is established that the tactical and technical indicators and instructions of manufacturers allow making changes in the algorithm of operational inspection in comparison with the existing methods of inspections that are carried out today in the SES of Ukraine. It has been experimentally determined that the alternative procedure for conducting an operational inspection allows significantly reduces the time of organizing the work of the GDZS units and its entry into the operational position. Conclusions. The conducted analytical and experimental research allowed to carry out the development of a technique ...