Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Meeting the issues related to sustainable development of livestock farming requires innovations in genetics. In every sector, this is all about improving the robustness of animals by enhancing their abilities to adapt by including numerous efficiency traits in the breeding goals of selection programs particularly regarding health and adaptability to less standardized feed resources and of fluctuating nutritional value, changing and varied environments, and climate change. This leads to consider genotype-by-environment interactions within genetic evaluation procedures and to assess the performances of animals in low input systems, especially regarding feed and drug use. Since the end of the 2000s, the method that has been progressively used in all livestock breeding sectors is genomic selection, which, by disconnecting the computation of genetic values of selection candidates from phenotype recordings, makes it easier to select new traits and to take into account genotype-by-environment interactions. In the relatively near future, it will be technically possible to use strategies of targeted modification and selection of genomes that could substantially increase genetic gains, in comparison with those obtained with current genomic selection programs. However, the use of these new breeding techniques raises numerous issues on scientific, operational, ethical, and political levels. ; Les objectifs et méthodes d'amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d'élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s'agit désormais d'améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d'adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d'efficience, en particulier de santé et d'adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans ...

Les objectifs et méthodes d'amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d'élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s'agit désormais d'améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d'adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d'efficience, en particulier de santé et d'adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans la prédiction des valeurs génétiques et à évaluer les performances des animaux dans des systèmes à moindres intrants, notamment alimentaires et médicamenteux. Depuis la fin des années 2000, la méthode mise en oeuvre progressivement dans toutes les filières est la sélection génomique qui, en déconnectant le calcul des valeurs génétiques des candidats à la sélection de l'obtention de phénotypes, facilite la sélection de nouveaux caractères et la prise en compte des interactions génotype x environnement. Dans un futur relativement proche, il sera techniquement possible de mettre en oeuvre des stratégies de modification et sélection ciblées des génomes qui pourraient substantiellement accroitre les gains de progrès génétique en comparaison avec ceux obtenus dans les programmes actuels de sélection génomique. Toutefois, l'utilisation de ces nouvelles techniques de sélection animale pose de nombreuses questions, tant sur le plan scientifique, qu'opérationnel, éthique ou politique. ; Meeting the issues related to sustainable development of livestock farming requires innovations in genetics. In every sector, this is all about improving the robustness of animals by enhancing their abilities to adapt by including numerous efficiency traits in the breeding goals of selection programs particularly regarding health and adaptability to less standardized feed resources and of fluctuating nutritional value, changing and varied environments, and climate change. This leads to consider genotype-by-environment interactions within genetic evaluation procedures and to assess the performances of animals in low input systems, especially regarding feed and drug use. Since the end of the 2000s, the method that has been progressively used in all livestock breeding sectors is genomic selection, which, by disconnecting the computation of genetic values of selection candidates from phenotype recordings, makes it easier to select new traits and to take into account genotype-by-environment interactions. In the relatively near future, it will be technically possible to use strategies of targeted modification and selection of genomes that could substantially increase genetic gains, in comparison with those obtained with current genomic selection programs. However, the use of these new breeding techniques raises numerous issues on scientific, operational, ethical, and political levels.

National audience ; Meeting the issues related to sustainable development of livestock farming requires innovations in genetics. In every sector, this is all about improving the robustness of animals by enhancing their abilities to adapt by including numerous efficiency traits in the breeding goals of selection programs particularly regarding health and adaptability to less standardized feed resources and of fluctuating nutritional value, changing and varied environments, and climate change. This leads to consider genotype-by-environment interactions within genetic evaluation procedures and to assess the performances of animals in low input systems, especially regarding feed and drug use. Since the end of the 2000s, the method that has been progressively used in all livestock breeding sectors is genomic selection, which, by disconnecting the computation of genetic values of selection candidates from phenotype recordings, makes it easier to select new traits and to take into account genotype-by-environment interactions. In the relatively near future, it will be technically possible to use strategies of targeted modification and selection of genomes that could substantially increase genetic gains, in comparison with those obtained with current genomic selection programs. However, the use of these new breeding techniques raises numerous issues on scientific, operational, ethical, and political levels. ; Les objectifs et méthodes d'amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d'élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s'agit désormais d'améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d'adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d'efficience, en particulier de santé et d'adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans ...

National audience ; Meeting the issues related to sustainable development of livestock farming requires innovations in genetics. In every sector, this is all about improving the robustness of animals by enhancing their abilities to adapt by including numerous efficiency traits in the breeding goals of selection programs particularly regarding health and adaptability to less standardized feed resources and of fluctuating nutritional value, changing and varied environments, and climate change. This leads to consider genotype-by-environment interactions within genetic evaluation procedures and to assess the performances of animals in low input systems, especially regarding feed and drug use. Since the end of the 2000s, the method that has been progressively used in all livestock breeding sectors is genomic selection, which, by disconnecting the computation of genetic values of selection candidates from phenotype recordings, makes it easier to select new traits and to take into account genotype-by-environment interactions. In the relatively near future, it will be technically possible to use strategies of targeted modification and selection of genomes that could substantially increase genetic gains, in comparison with those obtained with current genomic selection programs. However, the use of these new breeding techniques raises numerous issues on scientific, operational, ethical, and political levels. ; Les objectifs et méthodes d'amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d'élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s'agit désormais d'améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d'adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d'efficience, en particulier de santé et d'adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans ...

National audience ; Meeting the issues related to sustainable development of livestock farming requires innovations in genetics. In every sector, this is all about improving the robustness of animals by enhancing their abilities to adapt by including numerous efficiency traits in the breeding goals of selection programs particularly regarding health and adaptability to less standardized feed resources and of fluctuating nutritional value, changing and varied environments, and climate change. This leads to consider genotype-by-environment interactions within genetic evaluation procedures and to assess the performances of animals in low input systems, especially regarding feed and drug use. Since the end of the 2000s, the method that has been progressively used in all livestock breeding sectors is genomic selection, which, by disconnecting the computation of genetic values of selection candidates from phenotype recordings, makes it easier to select new traits and to take into account genotype-by-environment interactions. In the relatively near future, it will be technically possible to use strategies of targeted modification and selection of genomes that could substantially increase genetic gains, in comparison with those obtained with current genomic selection programs. However, the use of these new breeding techniques raises numerous issues on scientific, operational, ethical, and political levels. ; Les objectifs et méthodes d'amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d'élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s'agit désormais d'améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d'adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d'efficience, en particulier de santé et d'adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans ...