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The purpose of this article is to shed light on the "darker" side of language in cross-cultural communication and explore ways that it can be addressed, using a dialogical approach. Bakhtin's dialogical perspective conceptualizes sensemaking as the co-construction of meaning through interconnected utterances ("addressivity" and "responsivity"), multivoicedness ("polyphony"), and multiple speaking styles ("heteroglossia"). We use these concepts to analyze the social processes underlying linguistic hegemony and language-based in-group behavior in a case study of the performance of six multicultural teams at an American subsidiary in France. We found that although dialogical practices proved to be effective in deterring the emergence of the dark side of language, the lack of a dialogical mindset prevailed in four of the six teams. These findings point to the need for cross-cultural management policies which reward addressivity, polyphony, and heteroglossia while penalizing team members who use their superior language skills to dominate others.

"This book sets new trajectories for language-sensitive business and management research and pedagogy. These are characterised by the existence of language plurality. Empirical studies have been established as important and relevant for contemporary research. It has shifted language-sensitive research from the periphery to the centre of international management research. However, this field is rapidly changing, and new thematic approaches have begun to emerge. By addressing this, the book offers genuine and more nuanced insights into existing themes and offers applications of emergent conceptual developments in different settings. The second part of the book covers methodologies and offers examples and cutting-edge insights into the role of translation in the execution of empirical research and theorising arising from it. Finally, the book draws together innovative ways of how to address the challenges of a multilingual teaching classroom and how to innovate in order to incorporate such diversity through pedagogic practice"--

In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.

In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D) projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved, beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.

International audience ; In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.

International audience ; In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.

L'agriculture et l'élevage représentent des activités économiques importantes à La Réunion. L'une des options pour améliorer la viabilité socio-économique et environnementale des exploitations serait de créer un système de production plus autonome où les effluents d'élevage bovin laitier seraient utilisés comme fertilisants organiques sur les champs de canne à sucre et où les coproduits de la canne à sucre (bagasse, paille et choux de canne) seraient utilisés comme ressources alimentaires pour les vaches laitières. Cette solution répond aux contraintes de l'insularité liées à l'exiguïté et l'isolement, de la volatilité des prix des intrants et va dans le sens des politiques de préservation de l'environnement. La pertinence des choix techniques mis à disposition des agriculteurs et des éleveurs pourraient être mieux évalués par une analyse ex-ante. Un modèle mathématique d'optimisation a été développé pour représenter les activités de plantation de canne à sucre, d'élevage bovin laitier et les échanges de biomasses entre ces deux activités. La fonction objectif du modèle vise à maximiser simultanément le profit des deux activités agricoles. Les résultats des simulations du modèle montrent qu'au fur et à mesure de l'évolution du niveau d'intégration des deux activités, le profit des activités progresse également. La substitution des intrants minéraux par des intrants organiques disponibles localement réduit indirectement l'impact environnemental de la pratique agricole. L'intégration de la canne à sucre et de l'élevage bovin laitier représente une forme d'intensification écologique viable à La Réunion.

Les paysans d'Afrique subsaharienne confrontés aux changements globaux et à la rareté des facteurs de production innovent. Quel principe guide l'innovation dans un tel contexte ? L'objectif de cette communication est de montrer que le principe de moindre action, énoncé par Maupertuis au 18ème siècle, permet d'expliquer le processus d'innovation par simplification privilégié par les paysans. Pour argumenter cette démonstration, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'adoption du modèle d'intégration agriculture élevage proposé par les agronomes dès les années 1950 pour les paysans de l'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. A l'origine, ce modèle qui visait l'intensification de la production s'appuyait sur 3 piliers intégrés, la traction animale, la production de fumure organique et la production fourragère. Les paysans ont simplifié les techniques de culture et de transport attelé, les modes de production de fumure organique et les systèmes fourragers en valorisant au mieux les ressources locales disponibles (savoirs faire locaux, main d'oeuvre, espèces animales, biomasses végétales, déjections animales, parcours naturels.). L'innovation par simplification, semble bien être guidée par le principe de moindre quantité d'action. La simplification est à la fois technique (moindre action à réaliser.) et économique (moindre investissements à prévoir.). Mais, ce processus d'innovation ne prend pas suffisamment en compte les conséquences environnementales du changement. Nous recommandons donc le développement de modèles de fonctionnement de l'exploitation permettant d'évaluer l'efficacité, l'efficience et l'effectivité des innovations.

Réunion Island, situated in the Indian Ocean, presents a unique case study for modelling regional bio-economic parameters of the dairy industry. It is a good example of a closed system for several parameters of the model such as movement of animals, labour, consumption and available land. The existence of several agro-ecological zones from tropical to temperate, and various different types of terrain and vegetation presents another unique opportunity to study the impact of these features on the dairy industry. The present study models the dairy sector at a regional (island) level to study the impact of new or adapted agricultural policies in relation to changes in subsidy levels, price fluctuations and environmental policies (mainly nitrogen management). The model can be used to generate a number of scenarios to explore the effects of various policy measures, such as fixing the stocking rate according to EU norms, increasing or decreasing the milk subsidy, intensification (such as an increase in milk production to the allotted quota of 40 million litres/yr) and varying labour/price constraints (such as a reduction in labour hours or an increase or decrease in the milk price). The model is being utilized by the local dairy cooperative as a discussion support tool to study the implications at the regional scale of expanding the sector and assessing its economic, environmental and social impact.

This paper presents the research framework of an on-going study on the dairy sector on La Reunion. This Indian Ocean island is one of the French overseas departments. However, it struggles with similar problems as the developing areas in its neighbourhood, high levels of unemployment especially being a major concern. The agricultural sector therefore justifies the state support it receives by indicating the creation of employment and economic activity. Our focus is on the dairy sector on the Island, which is relatively recent and highly organized. Local milk production has increased over the years, yet farmers are aware of future policy reforms that should liberalize the sector. The outcome for the sector is a major concern. Our research question is to what extent milk production is sustainable on La Reunion, including the question of a future without governmental subsidies. The aim of this paper is to discuss a conceptual framework, relevant research questions and methodology to answer these research questions.

Les systèmes d'élevage (SE) du Nord et du Sud connaissent des changements importants en raison de facteurs multiples et interdépendants, d'ordre écologiques, climatiques, économiques, sociaux, politiques, sécuritaires ou encore sanitaires. L'ampleur des changements auxquels ces systèmes sont et vont être confrontés est considérable et leurs interactions avec les activités d'élevage posent question. D'une part, l'ensemble du secteur animal est un contributeur majeur des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, et il en subit d'autre part les impacts. Pour y répondre, l'élevage a de réelles capacités d'adaptation, tout en offrant également des potentialités d'atténuation significatives et multiples. La contribution nécessaire et évidente à la sécurité alimentaire de larges populations et la réponse à la demande future en produits animaux rendent la contribution animale incontournable dans la conception de systèmes agricoles climato-intelligents. Les développements attendus de l'élevage dans les Suds seront d'autant plus concernés que c'est dans ces socio-écosystèmes qu'auront lieu les plus grandes dynamiques économiques, sociales, techniques, politiques et environnementales.

International audience ; Réunion Island, situated in the Indian Ocean, presents a unique case study for modelling regional bio-economic parameters of the dairy industry. It is a good example of a closed system for several parameters of the model such as movement of animals, labour, consumption and available land. The existence of several agro-ecological zones from tropical to temperate, and various different types of terrain and vegetation presents another unique opportunity to study the impact of these features on the dairy industry. The present study models the dairy sector at a regional (island) level to study the impact of new or adapted agricultural policies in relation to changes in subsidy levels, price fluctuations and environmental policies (mainly nitrogen management). The model can be used to generate a number of scenarios to explore the effects of various policy measures, such as fixing the stocking rate according to EU norms, increasing or decreasing the milk subsidy, intensification (such as an increase in milk production to the allotted quota of 40 million litres/yr) and varying labour/price constraints (such as a reduction in labour hours or an increase or decrease in the milk price). The model is being utilized by the local dairy cooperative as a discussion support tool to study the implications at the regional scale of expanding the sector and assessing its economic, environmental and social impact.