Suchergebnisse

FRE: Ergonomie , Métiers petite enfance , Souffrance au travail

Si le travail effectué par les aides à domicile auprès des personnes âgées est encore peu reconnu socialement et économiquement, il suppose cependant, comme toute activité d'aide, un travail bien plus complexe qu'il n'y paraît à première vue. Cette recherche vise tout d'abord à montrer que les aides à domicile mobilisent des compétences sociales au cours de leurs interventions. Notre second axe de réflexion amène à considérer l'identité professionnelle des intervenantes au regard de ces compétences déployées. Cette approche permet finalement de s'interroger sur la thématique des représentations que les deux protagonistes de la relation d'aide, les personnes âgées et les aides à domicile, ont des compétences sociales mobilisées par ces dernières. A partir d'observations et d'entretiens menés auprès d'aides à domicile, les compétences sociales mises en œuvre au cours du travail sont identifiées afin de montrer qu'elles participent à la construction de l'identité professionnelle des intervenantes. Sur la base d'entretiens structurés, réalisés auprès des professionnels et des bénéficiaires, des éléments sont apportés quant aux représentations de ces compétences sociales.

AbstractThe recovery from the recent global financial crisis exhibited a decline in the synchronization of Asian output with the rest of the world. However, a simple model based on output gaps demonstrates that the decline in business cycle synchronization during the recovery from the global financial crisis was exceptionally steep by historical standards. We posit two potential reasons for this exceptionally steep decline. First, financial markets during this recovery improved from particularly distressed conditions relative to previous downturns. Second, monetary policy during the recovery from the crisis was constrained in developed economies by the zero bound, but less so in Asia. To test these potential explanations, we examine the implications of an increase in corporate bond spreads similar to that which took place during the recent European financial crisis in a three‐region open‐economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Our results confirm that global business cycle synchronization is reduced when zero‐bound constraints across the world differ. However, we find that the impact of reduced financial contagion actually goes modestly against our predictions.

What determines the optimal monetary trade-off between internal objectives (inflation, and output gap) and external objectives (competitiveness and trade imbalances) when inefficient capital flows cause exchange rate misalignment and distort current account positions? We characterize this trade-off analytically, using the workhorse model of modern monetary theory in open economies under incomplete markets-where inefficient capital flows and exchange rate misalignments can arise independently of nominal distortions. We derive a quadratic approximation of the utility-based global policy loss function under fairly general assumptions on preferences and openness, and solve for the optimal targeting rules under cooperation. We show that, in economies with a low degree of exchange rate pass-through, the optimal response to inefficient capital inflows associated with real appreciation is contractionary, above and beyond the natural rate: the optimal policy curbs excessive demand at the cost of exacerbating currency overvaluation. In contrast, a high degree of pass-through, and/or low trade elasticities, warrants expansionary policies that lean against exchange rate appreciation and competitive losses, at the cost of inefficient inflation. ; The ADEMU Working Paper Series is being supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 European Union funding for Research & Innovation, grant agreement No 649396.