Suchergebnisse

This study verified the mediating effects of creative home environment and self-directed learning ability on the relationship between creative personality and creative achievement intention of university students. Creative personality was set as independent variable, creative home environment and self-directed learning ability as mediating variables, and creative achievement intention as dependent variable. This study was conducted from June 10 to July 10, 2019 in Seoul, South Korea, and the participants were 587 university students. Data was collected through an online–offline test and analysed using SPSS Statistics 25.0. Creative personality affected creative achievement intention through the medium of creative home environment. However, self-directed learning ability had no mediating effect in the influence of creative personality on creative achievement intention. Therefore, creative home environment is important to improve the creative achievement intention of university students. Further, that the family's environmental support affects the creative achievement intention to express creativity in course of development bears implications for parent education.

Abstract
The study characterizes an equilibrium bid function with three bidders in an average bid auction (ABA), where a winning bid is the one closest to an average of all submitted bids, when a cost overrun can occur, and an insolvent winner is penalized. First of all, every bidder bids an identical amount in the absence of the penalty. Meanwhile, when the penalty is charged high enough to prevent all bidders from breaching the contract due to cost overruns, either some bidders bid identically and the rest follow a strictly increasing bidding strategy, or all bidders place an identical bid. Based on the characterization, the ABA is compared to the first price reverse auction (FPA) in terms of a buyer's benefit. The ABA could be more beneficial to the buyer without any penalty in spite of an insolvent winner's default. If nobody defaults on his bid due to the high penalty, however, the FPA is good to the buyer. This result partly explains the rationale for the ABA in Italy. (JEL codes: C78, D82)

This article concentrates on Chinas apparent intention to expand its maritime influence into the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Chinas fear of a major land war has been diminished. Instead, Chinas leaders have realized the role of naval power in the promotion of Chinas economic interests, diplomatic ascension, and national prestige. China faces overlapping claims in the Spratly and Diaoyutai (Senkaku) Islands with neighbouring countries, and Beijing has recognized the importance of sea-lines of communication from the Persian Gulf to China, as it became a net oil importer since 1993. This strategic environment has made China modernize its naval forces and expand maritime diplomacy around the globe. Moreover, China intends to become a peer competitor to the United States. How effectively the United States and regional countries handle Chinas naval ambitions will have consequences for overall security in the Asia-Pacific. (Contemp Southeast Asia/DÜI)

As the social trend to learn more about North Korea grows, the person and past career of Kim Il-Sung have been thrown into controversy. In this context, Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese guerilla activities in Manchuria focused on the raid of Pochonbo Police Station and who is the leader of the Sixth Division of the Anti-Japanese United Army. Also, this article compared two groups of scholars, that is, proKim who is positive side of Kim's Identity and conKim who denied Kim's past to the North Korea's claims. It has been demonstrated conclusively that many anti-Japanese activists used the name of General Kim Il-Sung and the present Kim Il-Sung in North Korea must be one of them. And Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese activities were not revolutionary armed resistances but rathcr small scale guerilla activities.