Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- I Mythologies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Malthusian Myths -- II Realities -- 3 Subsistence -- 4 Mortality -- 5 Marriage -- 6 Fertility -- III Implications -- 7 System -- 8 Society -- 9 Demography, Ideology, and Politics -- Appendix: Chinese Population Sources, 1700–2000 -- Notes -- References -- Index

How family background affects students' fields of study across different historical periods in China is not well studied. Post 1949, China explicitly prioritized specific industrial sectors when allocating resources, creating an especially strong reason to expect that the industrial sector in which a parent was employed might strongly influence a child's educational outcomes and career aspirations. Using data from the school registration records of 51,801 students who entered an elite regional university from 1952 through 2002, this study is the first to examine the role of parents' industrial sectors in predicting children's fields of study and the temporal patterns of this association. Applying multinomial logistic regression and the log-multiplicative layer effect model, we found that parents' industrial sectors predicted children's fields of study independent of parents' broad categories of occupation. The strength of the association was particularly strong during the Cultural Revolution and post-market transition periods.

AbstractThis article takes advantage of three new big historical datasets to identify four salient features of the Chinese academe during the Republic of China. First, it was highly international in terms of training. Second, the proportion of female students was unexpectedly large. Third, there was a heavy emphasis on STEM subjects. Finally, the social and spatial origins of China's university students and university faculty members changed from a national population of civil servant families to business and professional families largely from Jiangnan and the Pearl River Delta. The datasets are the China University Student Dataset – Republic of China, which includes almost half of all students to graduate from a Chinese university during the first half of the 20th century; the China University Student Dataset – Overseas, which includes the vast majority of all Chinese students to graduate from a North American, European or Japanese university during this same period; and the China University Employee Dataset, which includes almost all university faculty members in China, 1941–1950.

In the past, many people were 'unfree' in the sense that their movement was restricted, and out-migration without permission was regarded and recorded as 'escape.' Even though such escape was common in the past, historical studies mostly neglect this form of migration. This paper examines escape in historical East Asia, focusing on the influence of household context and individual characteristics on the chances of escape, taking advantage of large-scale individual panel datasets from three adjacent unfree populations from northeast China, southeast Korea and northeast Japan in the 18th and 19th century. We not only find similar temporal, spatial, and age patterns of escape, but also similar patterns of associations between chances of escape and household context. In particular, the presence of dependent children and elderly in the household makes individuals less likely to escape. Other patterns of association also highlight the importance of gender and social class. Despite significant differences in political, social, and community context across these three East Asian populations, our empirical comparisons suggest important commonalities in terms of motivation driven by shared understandings of obligation to others.