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Climate change is an ever-increasing threat to humanity, making the need for decision relevant, actionable climate science more and more pressing. With this need comes pressure to articulate what constitutes responsible practice in climate science for decision support. This requires in part understanding the role that values should play in socially relevant science. My aim in this thesis is to develop a deeper understanding of the role of non-epistemic values in climate science for decision support. To achieve this, I bring philosophical discussions of values in science into conversation with elements that are particular to climate science as a practice. I begin by drawing on work by philosophers of science to argue for three ways in which values can be good for science: they can help scientists meet their moral obligations through managing inductive risk; they can promote the multiple aims of research; and the presence of diverse values can promote objectivity. I apply these arguments in the context of climate science for decision support and present a range of examples to show where in the scientific process values can appropriately inform choices that climate scientists make. I then identify and examine three important value-related conflicts that can arise, even when conditions seem right for values to influence choices in science. These conflicts, which have been largely overlooked in philosophical work, include conflicts between epistemic and social values; conflicts related to the multiple roles that scientists might occupy in society; and conflicts between personal values and community values taken to regulate scientific practice. I argue that these conflicts have the potential to make value-based choices difficult to resolve. Some commentators have recently raised the possibility that when value-based disagreements arise climate science could be more like medicine in its management of risk. I take this suggestion seriously and conclude by proposing that climate scientists ought to explicitly embrace some nonepistemic values, such as human security, as constitutive of their field. I respond to potential objections to this proposal, arguing that it would not be a radical change to science, that it would not undermine science's epistemic integrity, and that it need not result in the promotion of politically contentious values. I then discuss how embracing non-epistemic values as constitutive of the field could have implications for practice and could contribute to the development of a code of ethics for climate scientists.

A man's transition into the role of a father is a rewarding yet challenging experience for many men. This study explores how men navigate contradictory roles of fatherhood and the impact this has on their identities. Fifteen first-time fathers were interviewed, and their responses were analysed using thematic and discourse analysis tools. Findings revealed that fathers both adhered to and challenge masculine ideals of fatherhood. Men described both traditional and non-traditional roles in their becoming a father, being a father, and navigating fatherhood and manhood. The continuation and contestation of masculine discourses in the experiences of fatherhood was found to influence their involvement with raising children and employment, as well as their relationships. Overall, these findings highlight the uncertainty that shapes modern fathers' roles and demonstrates how fathers move between both traditional and new fatherhood roles.

Background: Population health concerns related to physical inactivity and obesity appear in policy documents, government campaigns and popular media across western societies. Children and young people have been targeted for physical activity promotion and schools have been positioned as sites for intervention. In particular, Physical Education and school sport (PESS) has been framed as a key part of the solution. However, not only have interventionist programmes in schools showed little success, but they have also been highly criticised for stigmatizing fatness, contributing to a culture of surveillance and fuelling body image anxieties. Despite on-going work to improve health promotion in light of these criticisms, physical inactivity and obesity remain high on the agenda and many of the same challenges persist. Indeed, while the critical literature on health and physical education has been illuminating, it largely investigates curricula, teaching practices and surveillance technologies and few studies explore the role of pupils and their peers. Purpose: Further research is necessary to understand how school peers contribute to pupils' engagement with PESS. This paper, therefore, draws on Bourdieu's notion of physical capital and seeks to understand how pupils' physical activity is influenced by lived-body experiences in school spaces. The study: Data were produced from a 6-month bricolage-based study with pupils (N=29, aged 13-14) across four diverse school settings in England. Multiple qualitative methods were deployed to enhance methodological rigor with what is often a challenging age group for research. The interpretation of data was theorised using the well-established concept of physical capital (Bourdieu, 1986, 1977; Shilling, 2010, 1991) which had significant epistemological contributions to the findings. Findings: Pupils themselves play a significant part in establishing the physical body as a symbol of power and status in school settings. Participants understood the health risks of being both underweight and obese, but they regarded obesity as being more problematic because of the immediate social risks of "standing out as the bigger one". Following this rationale, participants sought to accumulate physical capital through engaging in exercise as a purposeful calorie burning activity intended to avoid the pity, abnormality and derision which is expected to be directed towards overweight pupils. Furthermore, during PESS in clear view of peers, distinctions between physical capital could be made by recognising differences in sporting skill. In this context, physical capital mediated engagement in PESS in various ways. Conclusion: This study has revealed that peers play a significant part in constructing the lived-body experiences of young people. In order to challenge the problematic consequences of school-based health promotion interventions, it is crucial to attend to pupils' relationships with peers as well as addressing policies, curricula and teaching practices. Being sensitive to peer relationship and their understanding of health may help teachers and health promoters decide how to manage the spaces where PESS takes place.

This article draws on data from an Australian longitudinal study into the place and meaning of physical activity and physical culture in the lives of young people. The aim of the national study is to add meaning to the statistics based on quantitative surveys that suggest a declining participation rate and satisfaction of young people in organized sports, recreational physical activities, and exercise. Frequently, socioeconomic status, gender, and geography are used as explanatory variables. In this article, the authors aim to provide an alternative reading of the statistical patterns by exploring how differences in capital (economic, social, and cultural) are played out in the lives of four young Australian males. The authors argue that schooling, geographical location, and access to capital play important roles in the intersection among masculinities, participation in physical activity, and engagement with physical culture.

AbstractThe Western Australian Twin Register (WATR) was established in 1997 to study the health of all child multiples born in Western Australia (WA). The Register has until recently consisted of all multiples born in WA between 1980 and 1997. Using unique record linkage capacities available through the WA data linkage system, we have subsequently been able to identify all multiple births born in WA since 1974. New affiliations with the Australian Twin Registry and the WA Institute for Medical Research are further enabled by the use of the WA Genetic Epidemiology Resource — a high-end bioinformatics infrastructure that allows efficient management of health datasets and facilitates collaborative research capabilities. In addition to this infrastructure, funding provided by these institutions has allowed the extension of the WATR to include a greater number of WA multiples, including those born between 1974 and 1979, and from 1998 onwards. These resources are in the process of being enabled for national and international access.

AbstractTeam research that is designed to maximize social impact first requires an in‐depth understanding of self, values, personal characteristics, and collaboration. This article explores how leadership assessments and inventories can be utilized to enhance the development of the research process in the context of an intentionally scaffolded first‐year course and the complementary curricula and team experience that follows. True Colors, Character Values Scale, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, CliftonStrengths, and the Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument will be discussed in this article.

Background: The purpose of this retrospectivestudy is to describe the pattern ofbribe taking in exchange for release fromtorture, during and after the decades-longwar in Sri Lanka. Methods: We reviewedthe charts of 98 refugee claimants from SriLanka referred to the Canadian Centre forVictims of Torture for medical assessmentsprior to their refugee hearings in Torontobetween 1989 and 2013. We tallied thenumber of incidents in which claimantsdescribed paying cash or jewelry to endtorture, and collected other associated datasuch as demographics, organizations of theperpetrators, locations, and, if available,amounts paid. We included torture perpetratedby both governmental and nongovernmentalmilitant groups. Collected data wascoded and evaluated. Findings: We foundthat 78 of the 95 subjects (82.1%) whosereported ordeals met the United NationsConvention Against Torture/InternationalCriminal Court definitions of torturedescribed paying to end torture at least once.43 subjects paid to end torture more thanonce. Multiple groups (governmental andnon-governmental) practiced torture andextorted money by doing so. A middlemanwas described in 32 percent of the incidents.Payment amounts as reported were highcompared to average Sri Lankan annualincomes. The practice of torture and relatedmonetary extortion was still reported afterthe end of the war, inclusive of 2013.Interpretation: Torture in Sri Lanka isunlikely to end while profit motives remainunchallenged. As well as health injuries,victims of torture and their families suffersignificant economic injuries while theirassailants are enriched. The frequent linkbetween torture and impunity meansmultiple populations the world over arevulnerable to this abuse.