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Intro -- Contents -- Research for Cultural DNA in Design -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Where Can the Cultural DNA Be in Design? -- 2.1 Cultural DNA Is in the Design -- 2.2 Cultural DNA Is in the Observer/User of the Design -- 2.3 Cultural DNA Is in the Design Process that Produced the Design -- 2.4 Cultural DNA Is in the Designer -- 2.5 Cultural DNA Is in the Interaction Between the User and the Design -- 2.6 Cultural DNA Is in the Effect the Design Has on Consumers and the Society in Which Designs Sit -- 2.7 Cultural DNA Is in the Interaction of All the Above -- 3 What About Cultural DNA in Design Has Been Researched? -- 3.1 Studying Cultural DNA in the Designs -- 3.2 Studying Cultural DNA in Observer/User of the Designs -- 3.3 Studying Cultural DNA in the Design Process that Produced the Designs -- 3.4 Studying Cultural DNA in the Designer -- 3.5 Studying Cultural DNA in the Interaction Between the User and the Design -- 3.6 Studying Cultural DNA in the Effect the Design Has on Consumers and the Society in Which They Sit -- 3.7 Studying Cultural DNA in Design in the Interaction Amongst All of the Above -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Directly Interactive Design Gallery Systems: Interaction Terms and Concepts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Alternative Views -- 3 Collection Views -- 4 Interactions -- 5 Introducing the Parallel Coordinate View-Controller -- 5.1 Motivation -- 5.2 Design Overview -- 5.3 Generative Use -- 5.4 Summary -- 6 Future Work -- References -- Underlying Principles and Emerging Designs: Design Exercises Based on Magic Squares -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Notion of Underlying Principes -- 3 Magic Square: An Underlying Principle of Spatial Designs -- 4 Parametric Designs -- 5 Summary -- References -- Multi-leveled Tridimensional Public Place and Urban Promenade -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dynamic Public Square Examples and Concepts.

The notion of a nuclear apocalypse incites our imagination and terror as much as any biblical cataclysm—perhaps even more so, for, unlike the flood in Genesis or John's vision of the end of the world in the Book of Revelation, a nuclear holocaust can be actuated by human hands. Certainly the prospect of a worldwide nuclear war influenced an entire generation of authors during the Cold War, including the American Walter M. Miller, Jr., who in 1959 wrote A Canticle for Leibowitz, a novel that envisions life after the ostensible end of the world—that is, after a devastating global nuclear war [read full article]...

Synaptic proteins play an important role for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Numerous studies have identified and revealed individual synaptic protein functions using protein overexpression or deletion. In neuropathic pain nociceptive stimuli conveyed from the periphery repetitively stimulate neurons in the central nerve system, brain and spinal cord. Neuronal activities change the turnover (synthesis and degradation) rate of synaptic proteins. Thus, the analysis of synaptic protein turnover rather than just expression level change is critical for studying the role of synaptic proteins in synaptic plasticity. Here, we analyzed synaptosomal proteome in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to identify protein turnover rate changes caused by peripheral nerve injury. Whereas PKCγ levels were not altered, we found that the protein's turnover rate decreased after peripheral nerve injury. Our results suggest that postsynaptic PKCγ synthesized by neuronal activities in the ACC is translocated to the postsynaptic membrane with an extended half-life. ; This work was supported by two National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grants funded by the Korean government (MSIP) [NRF2012R1A3A1050385 to BKK and 2018R1C1B6008530 to HGK] and the Max Planck Society to CWT and DIP.

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its restrictions have led to a shift in how people connect with others. This study investigated (a) profiles of social contact change across social ties and modes of contact, (b) predictors of these profiles, and (c) the association between these profiles and mental health during the pandemic. Participants (N = 2,098; Age mean = 50.94, range = 18–98; 48.3% female) were surveyed online twice, once prior to the pandemic (January 31–February 10, 2020) and again early in the outbreak (March 18–29, 2020). A latent profile analysis identified profiles of social contact change across social ties and communication methods. Additional analyses identified predictors of group membership and their association with mental health. Three latent groups were identified: (1) the "majority group" (77%) slightly restricted in‐person contact and had a small increase in phone and text use, (2) the "high technology use group" (13%) restricted in‐person contact and increased the use of all technology‐based methods, and (3) the "isolated group" (10%) decreased in both in‐person and technology‐based contact. Compared to the majority group, the high technology use group reported higher depression and anxiety, whereas the isolated group reported higher loneliness. There were three distinct profiles of how adults in the United States changed their communication patterns with others early in the pandemic that were linked to distinct patterns of mental health. The results have implications for the development and the delivery of mental health treatment in times of social (physical) distancing.

Jin Hwa Song,1 Chang-Hoon Lee,1 Soo-Jung Um,2 Yong Bum Park,3 Kwang Ha Yoo,4 Ki Suck Jung,5 Sang-Do Lee,6 Yon-Mok Oh,6 Ji Hyun Lee,7 Eun Kyung Kim,7 Deog Kyeom Kim8,9 On behalf of KOLD, KOCOSS, and SNU airway registry investigators 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Anyang Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 7Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; 8Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 9Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Purpose: While GOLD classification has been revised, its clinical impacts on outcomes of COPD patients have not been widely evaluated in real-world cohorts.Materials and methods: According to 2007, 2013, and 2017 GOLD classifications, distribution and clinical characteristics of group-shifted patients and the risk of acute exacerbation were analyzed in combined Korean COPD cohorts. Future risk for annual moderate-to-severe exacerbation was estimated as incidence rate ratio (IRR) and compared by groups.Results: Among 1,880 COPD patients, in GOLD 2017 classification, groups B and A were increased to 61.2% and 22.2% of total population, while group C was shrunken to 2.2% and patients with higher risk were decreased (16.6% in GOLD 2017 vs 44.7% in GOLD 2013). The kappa coefficient of agreement of both systems was 0.581 (agreement 71.7%). Groups B and D showed higher IRR of moderate-to-severe exacerbation than group A (IRR 2.4 and 5.3 respectively, P<0.001), whereas group C was not different from group A. When groups C and D were combined, the IRR for acute exacerbation for each group showed good linear trends (2.5 [1.6–3.7] for group B and 4.8 [3.0–7.7] for combined group [C+D], P<0.001).Conclusions: In the revised GOLD 2017 system, COPD patients with higher risk were much decreased in Korean cohorts, and group C was negligible in size and clinical impacts on expecting future exacerbation. Serial increase in the risk for exacerbation was more concrete and predictable when group C was combined with group D. Keywords: pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive/classification, pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive/diagnosis, chronic obstructive/epidemiology, risk factors, severity of illness index

Yeon-Mok Oh,1,* Keu Sung Lee,2,* Yoonki Hong,3,* Sung Chul Hwang,2 Jae Yeol Kim,4 Deog Keom Kim,5 Kwang Ha Yoo,6 Ji-Hyun Lee,7 Tae-Hyung Kim,8 Seong Yong Lim,9 Chin Kook Rhee,10 Hyoung Kyu Yoon,11 Sang Yeub Lee,12 Yong Bum Park,13 Jin Hee Jung,14 Woo Jin Kim,3 Sang-Do Lee,1 Joo Hun Park2 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; 3Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 5Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 7Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea; 8Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea; 9Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 10Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; 11Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 12Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 13Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 14Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: High blood eosinophil count is a predictive biomarker for response to inhaled corticosteroids in prevention of acute exacerbation of COPD, and low blood eosinophil count is associated with pneumonia risk in COPD patients taking inhaled corticosteroids. However, the prognostic role of blood eosinophil count remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associated factors and mortality based on blood eosinophil count in COPD.Methods: Patients with COPD were recruited from 16 hospitals of the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort (n=395) and COPD in Dusty Area cohort (n=234) of Kangwon University Hospital. The two merged cohorts were divided based on blood eosinophil count into three groups: high (≥5%), middle (2%–5%), and low (<2%).Results: The high group had longer six-minute walk distance (high =445.8±81.4, middle =428.5±88.0, and low =414.7±86.3 m), higher body mass index (23.3±3.1, 23.1±3.1, and 22.5±3.2 kg/m2), lower emphysema index (18.5±14.1, 22.2±15.3, and 23.7±16.3), and higher inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity ratio (32.6±7.4, 32.4±9.2, and 29.9% ± 8.9%) (P<0.05). The survival period increased with increasing blood eosinophil count (high =9.52±0.23, middle =8.47±1.94, and low =7.42±0.27 years, P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the emphysema index was independently and negatively correlated with blood eosinophil count (P<0.05).Conclusion: In COPD, the severity of emphysema was independently linked with low blood eosinophil count and the longer survival period was associated with increased blood eosinophil count, though it was not proven in the multivariate analysis. Keywords: blood eosinophil, COPD, biomarker