Suchergebnisse

Das Sicherheitsumfeld in Ostasien hängt gegenwärtig - so wie andere globale Phänomene auch - sehr stark von den Interessenkonstellationen der beteiligten Parteien ab. Die neue Sicherheits- sowie Waffenpolitik der USA, die Sicherheitsstrategie Russlands, der sicherheitspolitische Kurswechsel Chinas nach Ende des Kalten Krieges, die japanische Reaktion auf diese Veränderungen, die verstärkte Bedeutung Ostasiens in der globalen Politik und nicht zuletzt die Sicherheitspolitik Nord- und Südkoreas; alle diese Faktoren hängen voneinander ab und machen die Sicherheitsfrage in Ostasien sehr komplex. Darüber hinaus wird die weltweite Sorge um die Verbreitung von Atom- und Massenvernichtungswaffen immer größer und das Sicherheitsumfeld in Ostasien verändert sich in einem unvorhersehbar rasanten Tempo. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Probleme steht jedoch die Tatsache, dass die Länder, die direkt oder indirekt mit dem Sicherheitsumfeld und der aktuellen Lage Ostasiens zu tun haben, an den sogenannten Sechs-Parteien-Gesprächen beteiligt sind. Nicht nur die Zukunft Koreas, sondern auch das Sicherheitsumfeld Ostasiens hängen vom Ausgang dieser Gespräche ab. Deshalb sind die politischen Verhandlungen in Verbindung mit der ostasiatischen Sicherheit als ein entscheidender Faktor anzusehen, wie im vorliegenden Beitrag näher ausgeführt wird. (ICI2)

Do neoliberal economic reforms in Latin American democracies mobilize citizens to overcome their collective action problems and protest? A recent addition to the scholarship on this crucial question of the relationship of markets and politics, Bellinger and Arce (2011), concludes that economic liberalization does have this effect, working to repoliticize collective actors and reinvigorate democracy. We reexamine the article's analyses and demonstrate that they misinterpret the marginal effect of the variables of theoretical interest. Thus, the article's optimistic claims about the consequences for democracy of economic liberalization in the region are not supported by its own empirical results. It is argued here that its results suggest instead that protests became more common in autocracies when they moved away from markets. Rather than speaking to how people have mobilized to protest against liberal reforms in Latin America's democracies, the work's analyses illuminate only when people protested against the region's dictatorships.

Do neoliberal economic reforms in Latin American democracies mobilize citizens to overcome their collective action problems and protest? A recent addition to the scholarship on this crucial question of the relationship of markets and politics, Bellinger and Arce (2011), concludes that economic liberalization does have this effect, working to repoliticize collective actors and reinvigorate democracy. We reexamine the article's analyses and demonstrate that they misinterpret the marginal effect of the variables of theoretical interest. Thus, the article's optimistic claims about the consequences for democracy of economic liberalization in the region are not supported by its own empirical results. It is argued here that its results suggest instead that protests became more common in autocracies when they moved away from markets. Rather than speaking to how people have mobilized to protest against liberal reforms in Latin America's democracies, the work's analyses illuminate only when people protested against the region's dictatorships

V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia Recent, independent studies in Caucasian, Japanese, Iranian, and Chinese populations have reported that the AKT1 gene may be associated with schizophrenia, but these results have yet to be replicated in other populations. In the present study, we performed a case-control association study between AKT1 and schizophrenia in a Korean population. We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP1 (rs3803300), SNP2 (rs1130214), SNP3 (rs3730358), SNP4 (rs1130233), SNP5 (rs2494732), SNP A (rs2498804)) of AKT1, selected froth previous reports, in a sample of 283 subjects with schizophrenia and 350 controls. No significant difference in single marker polymorphisms or haplotype frequencies of the six SNPs in the AKT1 gene was observed between controls and subjects with schizophrenia In addition, we carried out an updated meta-analysis of the six SNPs, and found no evidence for an association between the six SNPs and schizophrenia Taken together, our results do not support the hypothesis that AKT1 is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society All rights reserved ; This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (A030001), and by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (2009-0076274). ; Stefansson H, 2009, NATURE, V460, P744, DOI 10.1038/nature08186 ; Need AC, 2009, PLOS GENET, V5, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000373 ; O`Donovan MC, 2008, NAT GENET, V40, P1053, DOI 10.1038/ng.201 ; Arguello PA, 2008, J CLIN INVEST, V118, P2018, DOI 10.1172/JCI35931 ; Tan HY, 2008, J CLIN INVEST, V118, P2200, DOI 10.1172/JCI3472S ; Sanders AR, 2008, AM J PSYCHIAT, V165, P497, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101573 ; Thiselton DL, 2008, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V63, P449, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.005 ; LIU YC, 2008, J PSYCHOPHARMACOL ; Xu MQ, 2007, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V68, P1358 ; Norton N, 2007, SCHIZOPHR RES, V93, P58, DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2007.02.006 ; Sutton LP, 2007, J NEUROCHEM, V102, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04527.x ; Roh MS, 2007, EXP MOL MED, V39, P353 ; Seo MS, 2007, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V10, P359, DOI 10.1017/S1461145706006869 ; Sullivan PF, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V61, P1121, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.010 ; Volz TJ, 2007, ADDICTION, V102, P44 ; Turunen JA, 2007, SCHIZOPHR RES, V91, P27, DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.028 ; Beaulieu JM, 2007, J NEUROSCI, V27, P881, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5074-06.2007 ; Ide M, 2006, J NEUROCHEM, V99, P277, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04033.x ; Bajestan SN, 2006, AM J MED GENET B, V141B, P383, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30291 ; Norton N, 2006, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V19, P158 ; Liu YL, 2006, PSYCHIAT GENET, V16, P39 ; Ikeda M, 2006, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V9, P77, DOI 10.1017/S1461145705005481 ; Ahn YM, 2005, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V8, P607, DOI 10.1017/S1461145705005353 ; Alimohamad H, 2005, J NEUROCHEM, V95, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03388.x ; Schwab SG, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V58, P446, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.005 ; Beaulieu JM, 2005, CELL, V122, P261 ; Alimohamad H, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P533, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.036 ; Barrett JC, 2005, BIOINFORMATICS, V21, P263, DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457 ; Ohtsuki T, 2004, MOL PSYCHIATR, V9, P981, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001559 ; Ikeda M, 2004, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V56, P698, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.023 ; Joo EJ, 2004, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V45, P225, DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.02.007 ; Kang UG, 2004, FEBS LETT, V560, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00082-1 ; Emamian ES, 2004, NAT GENET, V36, P131, DOI 10.1038/ng1296 ; Srisurapanont M, 2003, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V6, P347, DOI 10.1017/S1461145703003675 ; Dudbridge F, 2003, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V25, P115, DOI 10.1002/gepi.10252 ; Wall JD, 2003, AM J HUM GENET, V73, P502 ; Purcell S, 2003, BIOINFORMATICS, V19, P149 ; Zaykin DV, 2002, HUM HERED, V53, P79 ; NURNBERGER JI, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P849 ; 4