Suchergebnisse

Introduction: immigration as a criminological concern -- Immigration and crime: what do we know and how do we know it? -- Studying immigration and homicide -- The independent effects of immigration on homicide -- Geographic patterns and time trends -- Conclusion: immigration and the revitalization of urban communities.

AbstractThis paper explores two of the most important challenges facing contemporary scholars who seek to assign blame for deviance in organizational contexts. The first concerns the selection of an appropriate level of analysis. The second focuses on the social meaning of intent, or willfulness, also called mens rea in criminal trials. We suggest that scholarly worldviews play a central role in determining how these issues are discussed in the literature, thereby impacting the assignment of blame. Throughout, we use the case of the Tuskegee syphilis study to illustrate key issues.

La relación entre la inmigración y la delincuencia es uno de los temas más controvertidos en la sociedad contemporánea. Estas discusiones no son nuevas, los debates se remontan a más de 100 años. Un punto general sobre el que tanto escritores a favor de la inmigración como los que se manifiestan en contra es que, a medida que entramos en un nuevo milenio, la última ola de inmigraciones probablemente tendrá un impacto más importante sobre la sociedad que cualquier otra cuestión social. En este ensayo revisamos el amplio cuerpo de trabajos teóricos y empíricos sobre la relación entre inmigración y delincuencia en la América del siglo XX. En esta revisión incluimos trabajos más recientes, así como estudios más antiguos a veces olvidados. Presentaremos las tres perspectivas teóricas más importantes que han servido para explicar el vínculo entre inmigración y delincuencia: la estructura de oportunidades, los enfoques culturales, y la desorganización social. También examinaremos estudios empíricos sobre la participación de inmigrantes en la delincuencia. Concluiremos con una evaluación de la opinión pública sobre los inmigrantes, especialmente en lo que concierne a inmigrantes y delincuencia, y presentaremos datos originales sobre la conexión entre opinión pública y la delincuencia de los inmigrantes.

AbstractThe anarchist movement utilizes non-statist and anti-statist strategies for radical social transformation, thus indicating the limits of political opportunity theory and its emphasis upon the state. Using historical narratives from present-day anarchist movement literature, we note various events and phenomena in the last two centuries and their relevance to the mobilization and demobilization of anarchist movements throughout the world (Bolivia, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, Venezuela). Labor movement allies, failing state socialism, and punk subculture have provided conditions conducive to anarchism, while state repression and Bolshevik success in the Soviet Union constrained success. This variation suggests that future work should attend more closely to the role of national context, and the interrelationship of political and non-political factors.

The Anarchist Yellow Pages (AYP), an international directory of anarchist groupings throughout the world, listed over two thousand organizations in 2005. This paper explores the types of these anarchist organizations and their geographic clustering throughout the world, with special emphasis on the 21 countries with at least 20 such organizations. The concentrations of anarchist organizations found in the AYP suggest that the movement tends to be strongly European-centered. North Americans are greatly involved in various media organizations; Spain, France, and Sweden have strong syndicalist tendencies; Italy and Germany tend to have a high percentage of physical spaces like social centers and info shops. The theory of political opportunity is used to interpret the global anarchist movement, leading to the general conclusion that rights and democracy are related to the concentration of anarchist organizations.

We contribute to the field of immigration and crime research by conducting one of the first contemporary examinations of Afro-Caribbean homicides. Despite the growth of immigration across urban America, social scientists lack an understanding of both the extent and severity of immigrant violent crime. Several important findings emerge from our unique data set on Haitian, Jamaican and Mariel Cuban homicides in the city of Miami. Most notably, Miami's homicide rate led the country at various points throughout the 1980s, but immigrant group-specific rates rarely exceeded the city total. By 1990, immigrant Caribbean victim and violator rates had declined to a level and rate far below the city average. Compared to other cities, Miami has a more diverse population and a greater potential for intergroup contact, yet most killings were between ethnic group members. In addition, while the "criminal alien problem" is a prominent image fueling contemporary attempts to restrict immigration, our findings undermine this conventional wisdom. We conclude with suggestions for future elaboration on the causes and consequences of immigration and homicide.

This paper is the latest installment in a series that is designed to bridge the gap between teaching and practice by developing classroom applications based on a current research article from the American Sociological Review. We discuss the ways in which a recent ASR paper on child care fatalities can be used to help students explore Burawoy's conception of "public" sociology in a manner that is consistent with a subject-centered pedagogical approach. To illustrate this approach, we offer three experiential exercises designed to facilitate the active engagement of students' hearts, as well as their minds, thereby linking our subject-centered approach to the increasingly popular notion of character education.