Suchergebnisse

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Issues in Tourist Health, Safety and Wellbeing (Jeff Wilks, Donna Pendergast, Peter A. Leggat and Damian Morgan) -- Part I: Health -- Chapter 2. Travel Medicine and Tourist Health (Peter A. Leggat) -- Chapter 3. Pre- and Post-Travel Medical Consultations (Deborah J. Mills, Lani Ramsey and Luis Furuya-Kanamori) -- Chapter 4. Vulnerable Groups and Travel Health Considerations (Sarah L. McGuinness and Robert Steffen) -- Part II: Safety -- Chapter 5. Tourism Security in a Post-COVID-19 World: Issues of Tourism Policing and Civil Unrest (Peter Tarlow) -- Chapter 6. Food Safety and Hygiene (Donna Pendergast) -- Chapter 7. Travelling Safely in an Unsafe World–A Shared Responsibility (Yetta Gurtner and David King) -- Chapter 8. Tourist Injury (Richard C. Franklin, Lauren Miller, Kerrianne Watt and Peter A. Leggat) -- Part III: Wellbeing -- Chapter 9. Health Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Tourist (Thomas E. Hannan, Jacob J. Keech, Mandy Cassimatis and Kyra Hamilton) -- Chapter 10. Wellbeing and Quality of Life in Tourism (Adiyukh Berbekova and Muzaffer Uysal) -- Chapter 11. Domestic Nature-Based Tourism and Wellbeing—A Roadmap for the New Normal? (Michael Lück and Richard S. Aquino) -- Chapter 12. Study and Tourism: Challenges for International Students in 2020 (Kay Hartwig and Elizabeth Wheeley) -- Chapter 13. Generation Z, COVID-19 and Tourism (Donna Pendergast and Kyrra Wilks) -- Part IV: Contexts -- Chapter 14. Understanding How Tourists Perceive and Respond to Risk: A Focus on Health Risk (Jie Wang and Marion Karl) -- Chapter 15. Safety Management in the Adventure Tourism Industry (Damian Morgan) -- Chapter 16. Managing Visitor Risk in National Parks (Anna Gstaettner, Kate Rodger and Diane Lee) -- Chapter 17. Safety in Coastal and Marine Tourism (Jeff Wilks) -- Part V: Government and Industry Activity -- Chapter 18. Government Travel Advisories (David Beirman) -- Chapter 19. Creating a Safer Journey: Exploring Emerging Innovations in the Aviation Sector (Gui Lohmann, Bruno Pereira and Luke Houghton) -- Chapter 20. The Great Reset: Hospitality Redefined (Marianna Sigala) -- Chapter 21. Cruise Ships and Passenger Health (Peter A. Leggat and Richard C. Franklin) -- Chapter 22. Safe Travel—The Legal Duty of Care to Keep Tourists Safe (Anthony J. Cordato).

INTRODUCTION Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death. Rivers are a common location for drowning. Unlike other location-specific prevention efforts (home swimming pools and beaches), little is known about prevention targeting river drowning deaths. METHODS A systematic literature review was undertaken using English language papers published between 1980 and 2014, exploring gaps in the literature, with a focus on epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies for river drowning. RESULTS Twenty-nine papers were deemed relevant to the study design including 21 (72.4%) on epidemiology, 18 (62.1%) on risk factors and 10 (34.5%) that proposed strategies for prevention. Risk factors identified included age, falls into water, swimming, using watercraft, sex and alcohol. DISCUSSION Gaps were identified in the published literature. These included a lack of an agreed definition for rivers, rates for fatal river drowning (however, crude rates were calculated for 12 papers, ranging from 0.20 to 1.89 per 100 000 people per annum), and consensus around risk factors, especially age. There was only one paper that explored a prevention programme; the remaining nine outlined proposed prevention activities. There is a need for studies into exposure patterns for rivers and an agreed definition (with consistent coding). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review has identified that river drowning deaths are an issue in many regions and countries around the world. Further work to address gaps in the published research to date would benefit prevention efforts. ; This research is supported by the Royal Life Saving Society– Australia to aid in the reduction of drowning. Research at the Royal Life Saving Society–Australia is supported by the Australian Government.

AbstractBackgroundStaff members' views can have a significant impact on sexuality issues of people with intellectual disabilities. Research on the impact of sociocultural factors in this area in the Chinese context is sparse.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals (social worker, nurse, life skills trainer and manager) to explore their experiences of and attitudes towards the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe study identified two major themes, each with two sub‐themes: 1. Professional handling of the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities (sex education and intervention); 2. Barriers (incompatible approaches and parental resistance). Participants also experienced feelings of resignation facing the barriers they encountered. Collectivism and cultural view about sex are potentially the influencing factors.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to adopt an evidence‐based sex education programme whose content and delivery should take account of cultural factors.

China's first HIV infection was officially reported in 1985 and by the end of 1996, there may have been up to 200,000 people affected nationwide. In 2001, this figure probably exceeded 600,000. By 2003, the predicted number of HIV cases had reached 1.5 million. At least 80,000 individuals now have fullblown AIDS. China may soon have the largest HIV-infected population in the world, possibly 6 million cases by 2005. With infection rates rising at about 30% per year, it is feared this figure might exceed 10 million by 2010. Although the Chinese government was initially slow to accept the problem, in the late 1990s definite changes began occurring. In 2003 Premier Wen Jiabao publicly shook the hand of an AIDS patient and his government promised to introduce a range of free HIV-related services. Large preventive education campaigns are now underway. Unfortunately, there will still be many obstacles in controlling the epidemic and preventing further spread of this disease. Without doubt, China faces a serious predicament in the new millennium, and one which will pose numerous challenges for preventive medicine.

Background: The exposure of people and infrastructure to flood and storm related disasters across the world is increasing faster than vulnerability is decreasing. For people with non-communicable diseases this presents a significant risk as traditionally the focus of disaster management systems has been on immediate trauma and communicable diseases. This focus must now be expanded to include the management of non-communicable diseases because these conditions are generating the bulk of ill health, disability and premature death around the globe. When public health service infrastructure is destroyed or damaged access to treatment and care is severely jeopardised, resulting in an increased risk of non-communicable disease exacerbation or even death. This research proposes disaster responders, coordinators and government officials are vital assets to mitigate and eventually prevent these problems from being exacerbated during a disaster. This is due to their role in supporting the public health service infrastructure required to maximise treatment and care for people with non-communicable diseases. By focusing on the disaster cycle as a template, and on mitigation and prevention phases in particular, these actions and activities performed by disaster service responders will lead to overall improved preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation phases. Methods: Data were collected via 32 interviews and one focus group (eight participants) between March 2014 and August 2015 (total of 40 participants). The research was conducted in the State of Queensland, Australia, with disaster service providers. The analysis included the phases of: organizing data; data description; data classification; and interpretation. Results: The research found a relationship between the impact of a disaster on public health service infrastructure, and increased health risks for people with non-communicable diseases. Mitigation strategies were described for all phases of the disaster cycle impacting public health service ...

Background: The exposure of people and infrastructure to flood and storm related disasters across the world is increasing faster than vulnerability is decreasing. For people with non-communicable diseases this presents a significant risk as traditionally the focus of disaster management systems has been on immediate trauma and communicable diseases. This focus must now be expanded to include the management of non-communicable diseases because these conditions are generating the bulk of ill health, disability and premature death around the globe. When public health service infrastructure is destroyed or damaged access to treatment and care is severely jeopardised, resulting in an increased risk of non-communicable disease exacerbation or even death. This research proposes disaster responders, coordinators and government officials are vital assets to mitigate and eventually prevent these problems from being exacerbated during a disaster. This is due to their role in supporting the public health service infrastructure required to maximise treatment and care for people with non-communicable diseases. By focusing on the disaster cycle as a template, and on mitigation and prevention phases in particular, these actions and activities performed by disaster service responders will lead to overall improved preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation phases. Methods: Data were collected via 32 interviews and one focus group (eight participants) between March 2014 and August 2015 (total of 40 participants). The research was conducted in the State of Queensland, Australia, with disaster service providers. The analysis included the phases of: organizing data; data description; data classification; and interpretation. Results: The research found a relationship between the impact of a disaster on public health service infrastructure, and increased health risks for people with non-communicable diseases. Mitigation strategies were described for all phases of the disaster cycle impacting public health service infrastructure. Specific measures include: increasing the use of telemedicine; preplanning with medical suppliers; effective town planning; health professionals visiting evacuation centers; evacuation centers having power for medical equipment; hubs for treatment and care after a disaster; evacuation of high risk people prior to disaster; mapping people at risk by non-communicable disease; and a mechanism for sharing information between agencies. A common theme from the participants was that having accurate and easily accessible data on people with non-communicable diseases would allow disaster service providers to adequately prepare for and respond to a disaster. Conclusions: Disaster service providers can play a vital role in reducing the risk of disaster exacerbated non-communicable diseases through public health service infrastructure resilience. They are often employed in communities where disasters occur and are therefore best-placed to lead implementation of the mitigation strategies identified in this research. To sustainably implement the mitigation strategies they will need to become integrated into effective performance and monitoring of the disaster response and health sector during non-disaster periods. For this to occur, the strategies should be integrated into business and strategic plans. Achieving this will help implement the Sendia Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and, most importantly, help protect the health of people with non-communicable diseases before, during and after a disaster.