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Front Matter -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Content -- Part I: Background -- The Spark: Zionism, Socialism, and Governmental Paternalism -- Rotting Timbers: The Decay of the Establishment -- Brushfires: Early Grassroots Awakenings -- Part II: Issues -- National Security: Settling Scores -- Economy: Blue and Black -- Communications: The Mess Media Revolt -- Health: A Hemorrhaging System -- Education: School Is Out -- Religion and State: Holy Wars -- Constitution-Making: Founding Sons -- Part III: Conclusions -- Potential Grassroots Fires -- Conflagration? Fireproofing the System -- Loyalty, Voice, and ltex It: A Theory of Alter-Politics -- Between Past and Future: Israel's Grassroots Revolts in Historical Cross-Comparative Perspective -- Back Matter -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Matter.

Since the dawn of human history, language differences have served as a barrier to full intercultural and international communication. The recent advent of synchronous, automatic translation systems (SATS), incorporated into the internet, are but the first sign of a communications revolution as profound as the invention of print. This article briefly surveys the following: (1) text/speech recognition and translation problems; (2) current developments in machine translation (MT) and artificial intelligence (AI) devoted to resolving these problems; and (3) potential future SATS technological developments and uses. The second half of the article is devoted to a wide-ranging analysis of several potentially profound future political, economic and cultural consequences of SATS. The main conclusion points to a paradox: although (perhaps because) SATS will lead to greater linguistic (and external-cultural) differentiation, the overall impact will be centripetal - greater integration among the world's peoples, more international peace, and a general higher level of agreement regarding norms and values.

The influence of TV on the Israeli public by direct & indirect messages was evaluated through examination of the incidence of traffic accidents & protest events during a TV strike in 1987/88. Incidence of protest events was determined through a survey of 2 daily newspapers over 3 52-day periods -- before the strike, during the strike, & after the strike -- & incidence of traffic accidents was ascertained via analysis of police reports for the same period. Secondary data from the previous 2 years were used for comparison & control. Traffic accidents were found to decline 7% over the survey period. Protest events were found to decline 27% between the pre-strike & strike periods, a finding not duplicated in the control group survey. In particular, discussed are the effect of public service announcements on incidence of traffic accidents, & change in newspaper coverage of protest events in the absence of TV coverage. It is concluded that, despite TV providing worse coverage than newspapers of protest events, the public's perception of the importance of TV has great influence on protest group's behavior. 3 Tables. D. Generoli

Auswertung einer Meinungsumfrage in Israel vom Dezember 1981 (Fragen über die Legitimität und Teilnahme an Protestveranstaltungen) zur Ermittlung des Protestpotentials. (DÜI-Hns)

Introduction -- Defining Virtuality -- Virtuality and/in the Brain -- Religion & the Supernatural -- Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics & Cosmology -- Music, Literature & the Arts -- Economics -- Community & Nationhood, Government, War -- Communication To/With/By the Masses -- Virtuality's Expansion in the Modern Era: Media and Society.