In: Mulrooney, K.J.D. and Lehmann, B. (2015) The Pre-Cautionary Culture: Interpassivity and Radical Prevention in the Making of Canada's Remand Crisis. American Society of Criminology Division on Critical Criminology [newsletter] Forthcoming.
This book offers an ethnographic exploration of three sites of infamous atrocity and their differing memorialization. Dark tourism research has studied the consumerization of spaces associated with death and barbarity, whilst difficult heritage has looked at politicized, national debates that surround the preservation of death. This book contributes to these debates by applying spatial theory on a scalar level, particularly through the work of Henri Lefebvre. It uses escalating case studies to situate memorialization, and the multifarious demands of politics, consumption and community, within a framework that rearticulates lived, perceived and conceived aspects of deviant spaces ranging from the small (a bench) to the very large (a city).The first case study, the Tyburn gallows site in York, uses Lefebvres notion of theatrical space to contextualize the role of performativity in memorialization. The second, Number 25 Cromwell Street in Gloucester, builds on this by exploring the absence of memorialization through Lefebvres concept of contradictory space and the impact this has on consumption. The third expands to consider the city as a problematic memorial, here focusing on the political subjectivities of Dresden rebuilt following the devastation of the Second World War and its contemporary associations with neo-Nazi and anti-fascist protests. Ultimately, by examining the issue of scale in heritage, the book seeks to develop a new way of unpacking and understanding the heteroglossic nature of deviant space and memorialization.
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ResumenLa variación del tiempo de trabajo tiene importantes consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales, pero los estudios sobre las preferencias de los trabajadores están fragmentados entre diversas disciplinas y revistas. Para superar este escollo, se presenta una revisión sistemática de 173 estudios. Los resultados y la inadecuación del tiempo de trabajo se han investigado mayoritariamente en países de la OCDE, con datos de encuestas y métodos estadísticos. Los hallazgos más robustos se refieren al género, las responsabilidades familiares y las horas de trabajo actuales. Las ocupaciones más estudiadas son las del sector sanitario. Un corpus de investigaciones cualitativas que esclarezcan la formación de usos y preferencias ayudará a comprender cómo se propagan los modelos de reducción del tiempo de trabajo.
RésuméMalgré les retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales de l'évolution du temps de travail, les études sur les préférences en la matière sont dispersées entre diverses disciplines et disséminées dans de multiples revues. Dans cette revue systématique de la littérature fondée sur 173 articles, il est démontré que les études existantes concernent un petit nombre de pays de l'OCDE, portent surtout sur les professions médicales et font essentiellement appel à des données d'enquête et à des méthodes statistiques. Les résultats les plus clairs et les plus homogènes ont trait à l'influence du genre, des obligations en matière de garde des enfants et du temps de travail actuel, tandis que les normes et la formation des préférences demeurent mal comprises. Davantage de travaux qualitatifs sont indispensables pour déterminer comment faire progresser la réduction du temps de travail.
Changes in working time have important economic, social and environmental implications. However, research on workers' preferences is highly fragmented across disciplines and journals. To overcome this, the present article provides a systematic review of the literature, analysing 173 studies. The study shows that working‐time outcomes and mismatches are mostly studied in a small group of OECD countries, using survey data and statistical methods. The most clear and consistent results are about gender, care responsibilities and current working hours. Among professions, only the medical workforce receives substantial attention. Norms and preference formation are poorly understood, and more qualitative research is essential to understand how working‐time reductions could spread.