Suchergebnisse

A complex set of historical and contemporary factors (such as racism, poverty and segregation) shape the life experiences, and health outcomes of African-American women. Their place in society and literally the places where they live both determine their health. This article considers whether the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PL. 111–148), as amended, signed into law by President Obama on March 30, 2010, can become a viable tool to help address the health needs of African-American women.

This article explores the relationship between civil rights legislation and the housing status of black Americans. An economic and judicial history of the pursuit of fair housing (or equal opportunity in access to housing) is provided for two major periods—from the late 1800s to the 1950s, and from the years of the civil rights movement to the present. An exploration of the housing status of black Americans throughout these periods follows, in which measures such as crowdedness and tenure—attributable partly to inequality in access to housing—are examined, and comparisons of black and whites are made.

This article examines housing data for a set of metropolitan areas and their central cities, and explores the major issues that arise when considering the impacts by race of federal housing assistance programs. Housing market conditions and characteristics vary widely by race across the areas covered—Birmingham, AL; Buffalo, NY; Cleveland, OH; Indianapolis, IN; Memphis, TN; Milwaukee, WI; Newport News, VA; Oklahoma City, OK; Providence, RI; Salt Lake City, UT; and San Jose, CA. Issues related to racial impacts of federal housing assistance emanate from two major policy goals—to help low-income households and to provide equal housing opportunity.

The "housing quotient"—the condition of and access to housing—is defined for black American families and is examined in conjunction with the major relevant federal policies and programs. Policies considered include fair housing and the national urban policy. Programs examined include public housing and rental assistance. The lack of data constrains the completeness of the analysis, although certain programs seem to enroll blacks in disproportion to the rest of the population. The paper concludes that blacks currently are served by all federal programs, even though many programs historically have failed to live up to their potential to assist blacks.

This text tracks the chain of events since the civil rights movement that have led to the current uncertain situation. In comprehensive overviews and case studies covering seven metropolitan areas, this volume provides an examination of prevailing housing conditions and their effect on special populations within the black community, and assesses judicial and legislative means of improving the status of both homeowners and renters.

This paper describes issues that need to be addressed to reform the U.S. healthcare delivery system, the solutions to some of these issues that are part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (as amended), and the implications for African Americans of some of the recently enacted reforms. These reforms take the first steps toward eliminating the insurance coverage gap that keeps many from receiving needed care. The necessary and simultaneous emphasis on cost containment of this legislation, however, may limit access to health care for African Americans.