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This research deepens the existing literature on the local nature of the globalization of business. The authors argue for a comparative perspective in the study of small business in China and the U.S. At the same time, we investigate the roles of institutions and human capital in local economic development. The analysis of these phenomena are conducted based on a geographic perspective, since the desire for wealth and entrepreneurial motives may be universal, but national and regional realities and cultural differences can influence the choice and success of methods to initiate and promote small businesses.

AbstractWe estimate the marginal willingness-to-pay for PM10 abatement in the three largest Mexican cities. We use a unique data set with actual market transactions at the household level from January 2003 to May 2004 and observed PM10 concentrations. We follow an instrumental variable approach to mitigate bias from omitted variables. We exploit the seasonality in PM10 concentrations due to rainfall patterns in those cities to construct a valid instrument for PM10. We find the house price–pollution elasticity to be around − 0.07 for Mexico City, − 0.05 for Guadalajara, and − 0.07 for Monterrey, implying that one unit reduction in PM10 levels is valued at US$41.73, 36.34 and 43.47, respectively. Our results indicate that urban residents of Mexico are willing to pay for cleaner air.

AbstractAll data on crime rates, crime incident locations, crime hot spots, deployment of law enforcement personnel and facility distribution are circumscribed by the boundaries of law enforcement jurisdictions. How these boundaries are defined and change over time has a critical impact on the apparent rates and foci of crime. There are also a range of issues that arise near and spanning law enforcement jurisdiction boundaries. Different law enforcement agencies have different authorities, and there are examples of both conflict and co‐operation across jurisdictional divides and in areas with overlapping or convoluted jurisdiction. In this paper the authors demonstrate in a variety of specific cases the importance of boundaries on the spatial analysis of crime data and the conclusions that can be drawn from that analysis.

AbstractThe current status and future prospects for geo‐spatial technologies (GST) including geographic information systems (GIS), digital remotely sensed imagery (RS) and global positioning systems (GPS) in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan will be discussed. In particular, the use of these technologies and policy issues in such leading application areas as vehicle navigation systems, tourism, real estate/urban planning and cellular communications will be emphasized.Resumen. Se discute el estado actual y las perspectivas futuras de las tecnologías geoespaciales (GST) incluyendo sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), imágenes adquiridas por teledetección (RS) y sistemas de posicionamiento global (GPS) en la República Popular China, Hong Kong y Taiwan. En particular, se hace énfasis en el uso de estas tecnologías y políticas relacionadas con las áreas a la cabeza de su aplicación tales como los sistemas de navegación de vehículos, turismo, ordenación territorial y planificación urbana y comunicaciones por telefonía móvil.

AbstractThe degree of firm heterogeneity is primarily reflected by the differences in the total factor productivity (TFP). Heterogeneous firms across regions shape the spatial heterogeneity of TFP. Regional TFP heterogeneity is the underlying cause of regional economic growth differences. Based on data on Chinese manufacturing firms in operation during the period 2001–2007, we employ BHC (Baily‐Hulten‐Campbell) and productivity decomposition methods to analyse the driving forces of regional productivity. As the driving force of domestically‐funded firms' productivity, the effects of technological progress and economies of scale decline steadily. At the same time, effects of innovation transfer rises steadily. In coastal areas of China (Eastern region), the positive impact of foreign direct investment on domestic firms' TFP is decreasing. However, the positive effect of foreign direct investment is relatively stable in the Central region and Western region. A regional policy approach is therefore proposed based on the empirical analysis of these four effects.