Suchergebnisse

This chapter critically discusses the grid of legislation, policies, discourses, practices, institutions, and actors that shape the governance of movements and configure borders from the global to the local scale by focusing on the Greek island of Lesvos.

This report is part of the fifth Work Package of RESPOND and deals with issues related to refugee integration, aiming to present and discuss legislative measures and policies, the integration practices followed by state and non-state actors and the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees with regards to integration in Greece in the period 2011-2019. The report draws from the EU principles and key policy priorities on integration as they are shaped through a) the "Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU" which were adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council in November 2004 and b) the 2016 "Action Plan on the Integration of Third-country Nationals" that sets out policy priorities and the tools to support their implementation. The Migration and Social Integration Code (Law 4251/2014) is currently the basic law regulating integration in Greece, and it has addressed issues pertaining to residence permits and access to the labour market. Furthermore, two national strategies for the integration of third-country nationals were launched in 2013 and 2018 respectively. The research methodology used for this report has combined diverse methods. The review of the national legislation on integration issues was accompanied by a review of a series of reports by national and international organisations and NGOs. The practices of integration are analysed on the basis of the empirical material assembled during qualitative field research conducted mainly in Lesvos (and to a lesser extent in Athens) in the period June-December 2018 at a meso and micro level.

This report is part of the fifth Work Package of RESPOND and deals with issues related to refugee integration, aiming to present and discuss legislative measures and policies, the integration practices followed by state and non-state actors and the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees with regards to integration in Greece in the period 2011-2019. The report draws from the EU principles and key policy priorities on integration as they are shaped through a) the "Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU" which were adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council in November 2004 and b) the 2016 "Action Plan on the Integration of Third-country Nationals" that sets out policy priorities and the tools to support their implementation. The Migration and Social Integration Code (Law 4251/2014) is currently the basic law regulating integration in Greece, and it has addressed issues pertaining to residence permits and access to the labour market. Furthermore, two national strategies for the integration of third-country nationals were launched in 2013 and 2018 respectively. The research methodology used for this report has combined diverse methods. The review of the national legislation on integration issues was accompanied by a review of a series of reports by national and international organisations and NGOs. The practices of integration are analysed on the basis of the empirical material assembled during qualitative field research conducted mainly in Lesvos (and to a lesser extent in Athens) in the period June-December 2018 at a meso and micro level.

This report is part of the sixth work package of RESPOND ("Multilevel governance of mass migration in Europe and beyond") and focuses on the question of Europeanisation. The main goal of this report is to examine how conflicting elite discourses of Europeanisation have emerged in the context of increasing migration in the period 2011-2019 in Greece. It aims to capture conflicting Europeanisation in the domestic context; to assess the impact of post-2011 migration on political claim-making about Europe; to develop a perspective on the role of the media in domestic audience-making and to understand how the above situations impact on stakeholders. It does so through a research methodology that combined diverse methods and data from three sources: political speeches, newspaper articles related to the speeches and a survey addressed to the project's meso-level stakeholders.

This report is part of the fourth Work Package of RESPOND (WP4) and deals with the issues of refugee reception. The main goal of the report is to present and discuss the legislative measures and policies, the reception practices followed by state and non-state agencies and the experiences of asylum-seekers with regards to reception in Greece. The report focuses on refugee reception policies in the period 2011-2018 and on reception practices since 2015.

This report is part of the fourth Work Package of RESPOND (WP4) and deals with the issues of refugee reception. The main goal of the report is to present and discuss the legislative measures and policies, the reception practices followed by state and non-state agencies and the experiences of asylum-seekers with regards to reception in Greece. The report focuses on refugee reception policies in the period 2011-2018 and on reception practices since 2015.

This report is part of the sixth work package of RESPOND ("Multilevel governance of mass migration in Europe and beyond") and focuses on the question of Europeanisation. The main goal of this report is to examine how conflicting elite discourses of Europeanisation have emerged in the context of increasing migration in the period 2011-2019 in Greece. It aims to capture conflicting Europeanisation in the domestic context; to assess the impact of post-2011 migration on political claim-making about Europe; to develop a perspective on the role of the media in domestic audience-making and to understand how the above situations impact on stakeholders. It does so through a research methodology that combined diverse methods and data from three sources: political speeches, newspaper articles related to the speeches and a survey addressed to the project's meso-level stakeholders.

This report presents and analyses the legal system, policies and practices regarding border management and migration control in Greece as a EU and Schengen member state. Since 2011, border management and migration control have significantly expanded in the country. A significant number of events and transformations formed the context of the period in question (2011-2018) such as: the Integrated Border Management Program for Combating Illegal Immigration (2011); the adoption of the Law 3907/2011 regarding the Establishment of an Asylum Service and a First Reception Service; the construction of the Evros fence; the increased arrivals since 2015; the closure of the so-called Western Balkans Corridor; the Joint EU–Turkey Statement of 18 March 2016; the adoption of the Law 4375/2016; and the Hotspot Approach and the Hotspot implementation; and the geographical restriction in the northeastern Aegean islands.

This report presents and analyses the legal system, policies and practices regarding border management and migration control in Greece as a EU and Schengen member state. Since 2011, border management and migration control have significantly expanded in the country. A significant number of events and transformations formed the context of the period in question (2011-2018) such as: the Integrated Border Management Program for Combating Illegal Immigration (2011); the adoption of the Law 3907/2011 regarding the Establishment of an Asylum Service and a First Reception Service; the construction of the Evros fence; the increased arrivals since 2015; the closure of the so-called Western Balkans Corridor; the Joint EU–Turkey Statement of 18 March 2016; the adoption of the Law 4375/2016; and the Hotspot Approach and the Hotspot implementation; and the geographical restriction in the northeastern Aegean islands.

This report intends to present the current situation regarding migration and asylum policy in Greece since 2015. One of the main conclusions is that Greece continues to be a country of main entry in the EU having at the same time a permanent refugee population. More precisely, report contains a presentation of the most up to date data concerning (a) arrivals of non EU citizens at the land and sea Greek borders mainly for the period 2011-2017, (b) asylum applications and decisions by country of origin, sex and age groups, (c) reception and accommodation centres (d) numbers of rejection and return to Turkey and (e) the latest numbers of migrants in Greece. The sources of data are mainly from governmental authorities such as the Asylum Service and international organizations and national nongovernmental organizations such as the UNHCR, GCR and most of them are open and available on the internet.It contains a brief history of migration and border policies in Greece particularly since 1990s, highlights the main dimensions of socioeconomic situation particularly during the recession and underlines the most important features of political situation in Greece since the beginning of the economic crisis. It presents the most important laws and presidential decrees concerning migration and asylum and describes the prevailing principles and goals of the legal framework and migration management. This report mentions different statuses and their rights and duties, procedures of reception, protection and different forms of granting protection. It presents the structure of the reception system and the responsible national authorities, NGOs and international organizations. It points out detention policies in pre-removal centres concerning non-EU nationals and asylum seekers. It includes a presentation of the integration measures for women and vulnerable groups.

This report intends to present the current situation regarding migration and asylum policy in Greece since 2015. One of the main conclusions is that Greece continues to be a country of main entry in the EU having at the same time a permanent refugee population. More precisely, report contains a presentation of the most up to date data concerning (a) arrivals of non EU citizens at the land and sea Greek borders mainly for the period 2011-2017, (b) asylum applications and decisions by country of origin, sex and age groups, (c) reception and accommodation centres (d) numbers of rejection and return to Turkey and (e) the latest numbers of migrants in Greece. The sources of data are mainly from governmental authorities such as the Asylum Service and international organizations and national nongovernmental organizations such as the UNHCR, GCR and most of them are open and available on the internet. It contains a brief history of migration and border policies in Greece particularly since 1990s, highlights the main dimensions of socioeconomic situation particularly during the recession and underlines the most important features of political situation in Greece since the beginning of the economic crisis. It presents the most important laws and presidential decrees concerning migration and asylum and describes the prevailing principles and goals of the legal framework and migration management. This report mentions different statuses and their rights and duties, procedures of reception, protection and different forms of granting protection. It presents the structure of the reception system and the responsible national authorities, NGOs and international organizations. It points out detention policies in pre-removal centres concerning non-EU nationals and asylum seekers. It includes a presentation of the integration measures for women and vulnerable groups.

This chapter looks at the implementation of interna- tional protection policies (especially asylum procedures and refugee protec- tion) in the EU as well as in non-EU countries and underline four findings that are evident across country cases: 1) a highly restrictive and complex legal framework; 2) the proliferation and fragmentation of forms of protec- tion and asylum procedures; 3) the ambiguous role of multiple actors; and 4) the failure of the hotspot approach and the Dublin Regulation.

This comparative report is based on the RESPOND country reports [deliverable D3.1] that discusses the developments regarding legislation, policy measures and practices on refugee protection, but most importantly the implementation aspect in ten countries covered by the project (Austria, Germany, Greece, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Poland, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom) for the 2011-2019 period. This report aims to provide a comparative analysis of refugee protection, emphasising the implementation aspect as drawn from the experiences and perceptions of meso and micro level actors. In doing so, the report offers analytical insights for evaluating the implications of the dynamics of refugee protection, which has undergone many changes since 2011. Despite the largely shared regional, international and supranational obligations regarding refugee protection, the overarching pattern in the field of refugee protection is characterised by a restrictive approach. Although some countries were relatively more welcoming at the beginning Syrian displacement in 2011, such as Turkey (open-doors policy) and Lebanon, restricted access to national/federal territories, additional physical measures such as security walls and other actions such as push backs have become common, hindering the asylum procedure, particularly after 2015. Many countries have introduced additional procedural measures to prevent and restrain access to international protection as well as to speed up asylum assessments, such as accelerated procedures, fast-track-procedures, border procedures. Increased rejections and long waiting periods have become policies in themselves. Almost all countries tended to downgrade the rights of applicants and beneficiaries of protection. In general, all newly introduced amendments or regulations impose new restrictions or limitations to existing standards of rights. However, at the same time, some countries developed policies and practices to respond to the humanitarian crisis and welcomed refugees only from certain nationalities on the grounds of humanitarian or national reasons, through residence permits and family reunification. As for the RESPOND countries who are EU Member States, the observance of the so-called minimum EU-level standards, or even lower, has become common. All countries display an extremely complex and continually changing legal framework on refugee protection. The newly introduced additional procedures result in the fragmentation of the examination of claims through the categorisation of asylum seekers. This also resulted in stratified legal statuses with different procedures and specified rights, adding up to the traceable nationality-based discrimination against certain asylum seekers (e.g. Afghans), creating 'desirable' and 'undesirable' migrants/refugees.

This comparative report is based on the RESPOND country reports [deliverable D3.1] that discusses the developments regarding legislation, policy measures and practices on refugee protection, but most importantly the implementation aspect in ten countries covered by the project (Austria, Germany, Greece, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Poland, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom) for the 2011-2019 period. This report aims to provide a comparative analysis of refugee protection, emphasising the implementation aspect as drawn from the experiences and perceptions of meso and micro level actors. In doing so, the report offers analytical insights for evaluating the implications of the dynamics of refugee protection, which has undergone many changes since 2011. Despite the largely shared regional, international and supranational obligations regarding refugee protection, the overarching pattern in the field of refugee protection is characterised by a restrictive approach. Although some countries were relatively more welcoming at the beginning Syrian displacement in 2011, such as Turkey (open-doors policy) and Lebanon, restricted access to national/federal territories, additional physical measures such as security walls and other actions such as push backs have become common, hindering the asylum procedure, particularly after 2015. Many countries have introduced additional procedural measures to prevent and restrain access to international protection as well as to speed up asylum assessments, such as accelerated procedures, fast-track-procedures, border procedures. Increased rejections and long waiting periods have become policies in themselves. Almost all countries tended to downgrade the rights of applicants and beneficiaries of protection. In general, all newly introduced amendments or regulations impose new restrictions or limitations to existing standards of rights. However, at the same time, some countries developed policies and practices to respond to the humanitarian crisis and welcomed refugees only from certain ...