Suchergebnisse

U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje, proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno čija su dosadašnja iskopavanja pružila vrijedne podatke o životu vrlo bogate zajednice s kraja kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba te su donijela nove spoznaje o stanovnicima utvrde Ad Militare smještene na dunavskome limesu. Cilj istraživanja, poduzetih na sjeveroistočnome dijelu položaja Sredno, bio je usporediti rezultate geomagnetnih istraživanja provedenih 2016. godine sa stvarnom slikom nalazišta. Rezultati geomagnetnih istraživanja točno su locirali sve objekte koji su pronađeni u istraženim sondama, iako se u nekim slučajevima interpretacija razlikovala od stvarno pronađenih nalaza, što pokazuje kako nije moguće interpretirati rezultate nedestruktivnih metoda istraživanja bez poduzimanja arheoloških iskopavanja. Pored otkrića osam rimskih paljevinskih i kosturnih grobova, posebno je važno otkriće većega prapovijesnog objekta, koji se prepoznaje i na geomagnetnoj snimci, čije će buduće iskopavanje pokazati radi li se o ostacima nekoga starijeg ili mlađeg prapovijesnog naselja u odnosu na groblje daljske grupe. Pronađeni ukopi poginulih vojnika iz vremena Batinske bitke iz II. svjetskoga rata također pokazuju kako je strateška važnost Batine bila prepoznata i kasnije te se zadržala sve do danas. ; As part of the project Archaeological Heritage of Baranya, an excavation of the Batina – Sredno site has been carried out. Previously conducted research has provided valuable data on the life of a prosperous community from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, and has brought new insights into the life of inhabitants of the Ad Militare fort located on the Danube limes. The aim of the research, undertaken in the northeastern part of the Sredno site, was to compare the results of geomagnetic research conducted in 2016 with the actual situation of the site. The results of geomagnetic research have accurately located all the objects found in the investigated trenches, though in some cases the interpretation differed from those actually found, indicating that it is not possible to interpret the results of non-destructive research methods without taking archaeological excavations. In addition to the discovery of eight Roman cremation and inhumation burials from the time of Severi, the discovery of a large prehistoric object is particularly important, which is also recognized during the geomagnetic survey, whose future excavation will show if it is a remain of an older or younger prehistoric settlement in relation to the cemetery of the Dalj group. Burials of fallen soldiers from the time of the Battle of Batina in World War II were also found which also show that the strategic importance of Batina was recognized in later times and that it remains until present.

U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno tijekom kojeg je istražena grobna arhitektura tumula T1/2012 te rimski paljevinski grobovi. Ističe se pronalazak bogato opremljenoga rimskog paljevinskog groba iz vremena Marka Aurelija. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište u hrvatskom Podunavlju koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba kao i spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; As part of the Archaeological Heritage of Baranja project, research continued on the Batina – Sredno site to investigate the grave architecture of tumulus 1 whose chamber was researched in 2012. Outside the tumulus 1, four graves were explored: one skeleton burial from Hallstatt period and three Roman cremation graves. During the research, detailed record of filling of the layers in tumulus 1 was determined and postholes discovered as part of a wooden fence around the tumulus. Also, a Roman cremation grave was discovered with a large number of finds from the period of Marcus Aurelius. Results have confirmed that Batina is an extraordinary archaeological site in the Croatian Danube Region with precious data from the transitional period between Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, as well as insight into the Ad militare limes fort.

U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno tijekom kojeg su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi daljske grupe s početka starijega željeznog doba te paljevinski rimski grobovi. U grobovima daljske grupe zabilježeni su prilozi ženske nošnje i nakita kao i brojne keramičke posude koje se, na osnovi oblika i ukrasa, datiraju u 8. i početak 7. stoljeća pr. Kr. Rimski paljevinski grobovi tipa bustum sadržavali su malobrojne priloge te se datiraju u doba Severa. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište u hrvatskome Podunavlju koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba kao i spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; In the framework of the Archaeological Heritage of Baranja project the investigations continued at the Batina-Sredno site with the excavation of three probes (15-17), situated near probes 1 and 2 from 2010. A total of 14 burials were investigated: 8 cremation burials of the Dalj group from the beginning of the Early Iron Age and 6 Roman cremation burials. The Dalj burials yielded items of female costume and jewellery, as well as a number of ceramic vessels, which, based on the form and decoration, are dated to the 8th and the beginning of the 7th century BC. Grave 93 is singled out, measuring 2.50 x 2.30 m. It contained a rich ceramic assemblage for symposium consisting of as many as 17 vessels. A shallow bowl on a segmented pedestal stands out by its particularly rich decoration, with incised bird-shaped motifs that associate this vessel with Basarabi-style decoration. Roman cremation graves of the bustum type contained few goods and can be dated to the Severan period. The results of the investigations so far have confirmed that Batina is an exceptional archaeological site in the Croatian Danube Basin, which offers valuable information about the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, as well as the understanding of the Ad Militare fort on the limes.

U sklopu projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina–Sredno na kojem su u prethodnim istraživanjima otkriveni paljevinski grobovi daljske grupe iz kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba te biritualna rimska nekropola. Površina istraživanja nalazila se uz rub surduka koji položaj groblja dijeli od naselja na Gracu. Osim otkrića ravnoga paljevinskog groba daljske grupe, započelo se s istraživanjem tumula 1 u kojem je pronađen bogato opremljeni grob s keramičkim simpozijalnim servisom i dijelovima konjske opreme koji ukazuju na pokop istaknutog člana zajednice s kraja 8. i početka 7. stoljeća pr. Kr. Rimski paljevinski grobovi tipa bustum sadržavali su priloge keramičkih posuda i metalnih te koštanih predmeta koji ih datiraju u doba Severa. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba u hrvatskom Podunavlju te spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; Within the project entitled «The Archaeological Heritage of Baranja» the excavations were continued at the Batina-Sredno site, which had yielded cremation graves of the Dalj group and a biritual Roman necropolis. The excavated area lay adjacent to the edge of the gully dividing the Sredno site from the settlement at Gradac. In addition to the discovery of a grave of the Dalj group (Fig. 9), the excavations were commenced of tumulus 1, which yielded a richly furnished grave measuring 4.5 x 4.5 m, 2 m deep (Fig. 4), dug through the fills of the tumulus. The timber grave chamber contained a ceramic set decorated with motifs executed with thin plates of bronze and tin (Fig. 5–6), as well as items of horse gear (Fig. 7–8), pointing to the burial of a prominent member of the community from the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 7th cent. BC. Sondages 11-13 yielded a ditch characterized by a cross-section in the shape of elongated letter V (Fig. 11), presumably a trench of a temporary military camp. Cremation graves of the bustum type, furnished with ceramic vessels and metal and bone objects that date them to the Severan period, were dug into the fill of the ditch (Fig. 13–15). The results of the excavations corroborated the importance of Batina as a site that provides valuable information about the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the Croatian Danube basin and our understanding of the life in the Baranja section of the limes.

U probnim istraživanjima nalazišta Batina–Sredno potvrđene su pretpostavke koje počivaju na rezultatima terenskog pregleda o postojanju prapovijesnog i rimskog groblja smještenih južno od naselja na Gracu. Razdoblju prapovijesti pripadaju ostaci ravnog paljevinskog groblja daljske grupe s kraja brončanog i početka željeznog doba. U grobovima su zabilježeni brojni keramički, metalni i stakleni nalazi koji potvrđuju pretpostavke o iznimnoj važnosti Batine kao istaknutog južnopanonskog centra smještenog na važnoj komunikaciji koja je slijedila tok Dunava. Posebno je važno otkriće danas izravnanih tumula s grobovima smještenim uz njihove rubove od kojih se neki izdvajaju veličinom te brojem i vrstama nalaza. Razdoblju antike pripada otkriće paljevinskih i kosturnih grobova na južnoj nekropoli utvrde Ad Militare i pripadajućeg civilnog naselja. Zabilježeni su i karakteristični jarci V-presjeka koji se povezuju s djelovanjem rimske vojske. Rezultati probnih istraživanja na Srednom potvrdili su iznimno značenje ovog nalazišta za hrvatsku, ali i europsku arheološku baštinu. ; After two years of field surveying in north-eastern Baranja with the aim of finding new archaeological sites and documenting registered ones, trial excavations in Batina conduced. The trial excavations were conduced at the Sredno site, situated in the north-eastern part of Bansko Brdo. The excavations were conduced with the aim of examining the assumed existence of a prehistoric and Roman cemetery. The assumption was based on the results of a 2008 field survey. In the excavations, four trenches were dug, three in the central part of the site, and the fourth in its northern part, closest to the settlement at Gradac (Fig. 1). The trenches were dug in mild elevations that had been significantly lowered in the course of soil cultivation (Fig. 2). A total of 61 graves were excavated: 47 prehistoric and 14 Roman. In the trenches, a relatively large number of ditches were found, varying in width and depth. In the course of the excavations, a flat incineration cemetery of the Dalj Group was found, which represented the newer stage of the Late Bronze Age and the initial phase of the Early Iron Age. Along the northern margin of the cemetery in Sredno, tumuli were identified, the remains of which were suggested by irregular elevations also situated in other parts of the site. All the graves contained cremation remains, laid in ceramic vessels (Fig. 5) or in organic envelopes (Fig. 3). Most frequently, various forms of pots were used as urns, and in most cases they were covered by a bowl. The majority of finds comprise ceramic vessels that contained food and beverages for the final journey (Fig. 3). The most common finds are various forms of pots, bowls, kantharoi, beakers and cups, and exceptionally dual vessels and stands. Among metal grave goods, attire accessories (fibulae, needles) and ornaments (armlets, torques, pendants) were recorded. These often show signs of having been incinerated in a funeral pyre with the deceased. The number of metal attire accessories and ornaments is larger in women's graves, where glass beads and ceramic spindlewhorls also appear. Relatively small iron knives with a gently curved blade and a short tang are typical in the graves of both sexes. In men's graves, the parts of attire also include bronze needles. Whetstones and iron beads were also recorded. Grave 12 stands out with its finds of weapons and attire accessories, which also included a large ceramic symposial set. It was partly cut by grave 3, in which bronze items forming part of a horse harness were unearthed. According to the characteristics of the pottery and metal finds, the graves can provisionally be classified in two burial horizons: an older horizon from the end of the Late Bronze Age (9th century BC), and a newer one from the beginning of the Early Iron Age (8th century to the first half of the 7th century BC). The graves have direct analogies with Dalj Group finds from Batina, which are preserved in numerous European museum collections. In Sredno, 14 Roman incineration and skeleton graves were found. These belong to the southern necropolis located along the road leading from the Ad Militare fort to the Ad Novas fort. Incineration burials in urns, of the bustum type, were unearthed (Fig. 6), as well as those with scattered cremation remains in a grave pits. Skeleton graves with finds of coins were also recorded (Fig. 7). In the fills of cremation graves, ceramic vessel and lamp shards were found, as well as iron nails, wedges and rivets, and bronze mounts. On the basis of their finds, the oldest burials were dated to the 1st century, while graves of the bustum type suggest a more recent dating, probably the 2nd century or the beginning of the 3rd century at the latest. Skeletal graves are more recent and originate from the 3rd century. A relatively large number of wide and deeply sunk ditches were found that possibly represent the remains of ditches which might have been constructed along roads. Two ditches with a characteristic V-shaped cross-section deserve special mention, as they are typical defensive ditches (fossa) of Roman military camps.