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Seit ihrer Entstehung versuchen Versicherungsgesellschaften, Risiken zu minimieten. Diese Tendenz kann insbesondere in den Bereichen Diebstahlsversicherungen sowie Brandversicherungen beobachtet werden. Mit dem Ziel des Erhalts und der Verbesserung der finanziellen Erträge haben Versicherungsgesellschaften eine Präventionspolitik verfolgt, die sich an der Verwendung technischer Präventionsmassnahmen und privater Sicherhietsunternehmen orientiert. Jedoch ist eine solche Präventionspolitik keineswegs neutral. Denn sie stützt sich auf den Ausschluss von Risiken und neue Formen sozialer Kontrolle.

This paper is dedicated to the identification of the constraints and factors enabling the computation of an effective geographic profile, with the specificity of focusing only on the elements that could be available during an investigation. It aimed at filling the gap between the inductive demarche of environmental criminology and the deductive, operational procedure followed by geographic profilers. It reviews successively the relationship between the premeditation, the seriousness of the facts, the nature of the offences and the spatio-temporal pattern of the crimes with the criteria required to build effective likelihood surfaces in geographic profiling. A decision tree is provided as a tool for evaluating the risks of an ineffective geographic profile with regard to the non-respect of the different conditions. ; Cet article est dédié à l'identification des contraintes et facteurs permettant la construction d'un profil géographique efficace, avec la particularité de s'intéresser aux seuls éléments disponibles durant une enquête criminelle. L'article cherche à combler le vide méthodologique entre la démarche inductive de la criminologie environnementale et la procédure déductive et opérationnelle suivie par les profileurs géographiques. Il examine successivement la relation entre la préméditation, la gravité des faits, la nature de l'infraction et la configuration spatio-temporelle des crimes avec les critères nécessaires à la construction de surfaces de vraisemblance efficaces dans le profilage géographique. En synthèse, un arbre de décision permet d'évaluer les risques d'un profile erroné en fonction du non-respect des différentes conditions ; Peer reviewed

This study aimed to describe and understand the links between musical activities (i.e. listening, playing, attending festive events, belonging to music-based communities) and the addictive trajectory of homeless young adults who experience problematic psychoactive substance (PS) use. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 homeless young adults aged 18 to 30 years old, to explore how music modulated their addictive trajectory. A thematic and trajectory analysis were performed. Music most often constituted a tool used to control, reduce, or recover from problematic PS use, and sometimes led to the initiation of novel substances, increased consumption, and relapses. These benefits and harms varied according to specific individual and contextual factors. Almost half of the sample reported no link between music and PS use. A better comprehension of the links between music and the addictive trajectory will guide the development of adapted harm reduction interventions that account for homeless young adults' strengths.

Background: Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) can improve the condition of heroin addicts resistant to other treatment. A new trial compared HAT and methadone treatment with HAT limited to 12 months in order to assess its feasibility and efficacy in Belgium. Methods: TADAM (Treatment Assisted by Diacetylmorphine) was an open label randomised controlled trial. The experimental treatment was based upon the Swiss model of HAT developed in 1994. The primary efficacy criterion was determined by an improvement in street heroin use or in (physical or mental) health or a decrease in criminal involvement. Participants were assessed every 3 months. Self-reported data were complemented with toxicological analyses and criminal proceedings. Findings: 74 participants were randomised in the trial: 36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group. The experimental group counted 30% of responders more than the control group at 3 months (p<0.05), 6 months (p<0.05), and 9 months (p<0.01). At 12 months, the number of responders was still higher in the experimental group (11%) but the difference was no longer significant (p=0.35). Street heroin use increased in the experimental group at the 12-month assessment just before the end of HAT. Conclusion: HAT is feasible and effective. However, HAT should not have a predetermined duration for heroin users for which heroin addiction became a chronic relapsing disease. Other data: In addition to the outcomes of the randomised controlled trial, the report contains other exploratory data and analysis: satisfaction of in treatment, criminological data, opinion of heroin users not included in the trial, opinion of caregivers and field workers (in the HAT centre, in the partner centres, and in other centres in the addiction field), impact of the HAT centre on its neighbourhood and a socio-economic evaluation. Funding: The TADAM trial was funded at 80% by the Federal Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health. It was also funded the City and the University of Liège. ; Een vertaling in het Nederlands van het document met de samenvattingen is hieronder beschikbaar.

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) can improve the condition of heroin addicts still using street heroin after a methadone treatment. In Belgium, a new trial compared the efficacy of a HAT to existing methadone maintenance treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this randomised controlled trial, HAT was limited to 12 months. Participants were assessed every 3 months. They were responders if they showed improvement on the level of street heroin use, health or criminal involvement. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 74 participants were randomised in the trial. The experimental group (n = 36) counted 30% of responders more than the control group (n = 38) at each assessment point (p < 0.05), except at 12 months where the difference (11%) was no longer significant (p = 0.35). Still, after 12 months, participants in the experimental group reported significantly greater improvements (p < 0.05) than the control group on the level of street heroin use and on the level of physical and mental health. Both groups reported significantly less criminal acts after 12 months (p < 0.001), but with no significant difference between the groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This trial confirms the short-term efficacy of HAT for severe heroin addicts, who already failed methadone treatment.

Background/Aims: Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) can improve the condition of heroin addicts still using street heroin after a methadone treatment. In Belgium, a new trial compared the efficacy of a HAT to existing methadone maintenance treatment. Methods: In this randomised controlled trial, HAT was limited to 12 months. Participants were assessed every 3 months. They were responders if they showed improvement on the level of street heroin use, health or criminal involvement. Results: 74 participants were randomised in the trial. The experimental group (n=36) counted 30% of responders more than the control group (n=38) at each assessment point (p<0.05), except at 12 months where the difference (11%) was no longer significant (p=0.35). Still, after 12 months, participants in the experimental group reported significantly greater improvements (p<0.05) than the control group on the level of street heroin use and on the level of physical and mental health. Both groups reported significantly less criminal facts after 12 months (p<0.001), but with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: This trial confirms the short-term efficacy of HAT for severe heroin addicts, who already failed methadone treatment. ; Peer reviewed