Suchergebnisse

Über Migration und Tourismus wird meist getrennt voneinander geforscht. Ramona Lenz zeigt jedoch, dass die Herausarbeitung von Zusammenhängen zwischen diesen beiden Mobilitätsformen und ihrer Infrastruktur wichtige Erkenntnisse über das europäische Grenzregime liefern kann. Kritisch anknüpfend an den sogenannten "mobility turn", der den seit einigen Jahren in verschiedenen Disziplinen zu beobachtenden Paradigmenwechsel von der Sesshaftigkeit zur Mobilität als forschungsleitender Kategorie bezeichnet, werden diverse Überschneidungen zwischen Migration und Tourismus aufgezeigt. Das Kernstück der Arbeit bilden die Ergebnisse ethnografischer Forschungen auf Kreta und Zypern, die Ramona Lenz im Hinblick auf Mobilitätsmöglichkeiten und -beschränkungen in Europa diskutiert. Der Tourismussektor als Arbeitsmarkt für MigrantInnen und die vielfältige Nutzung touristischer Infrastruktur stehen dabei im Zentrum. Das Buch wendet sich an Lehrende und Studierende der Sozial-, Kultur- und Geisteswissenschaften sowie an MigrantInnen, TouristInnen und alle, die sich professionell mit Migration und/oder Tourismus in Europa befassen.

From the perspective of Western Europe the Mediterranean is shaped by the imagery of tourism and migration. During the time of the "guest worker"-migration in the 1960s and 70s the notion of the hopelessly underdeveloped South of Europe which pushes "guest workers" towards the rich North became prevalent here. It offered a contrast which let the beginning prosperity in the North appear even clearer. (see von Osten 2006) Besides the attractions "sea, sun and sand" it was exactly this conception of backwardness which – reinterpreted in authentic and traditional Mediterranean lifestyle – made the area attractive for tourist consumption. Today it is again pictures of the Mediterranean, which represent migration dynamics in Europe. In the meantime, however, the countries of origin of the "guest workers" have become countries of immigration and European Union member states or candidates for accession. The representation of the Mediterranean as an area of migration is dominated now by pictures of desperate refugees and illegal immigrants, who risk their life by crossing the sea, in order to enter the "fortress Europe". In these current representations the "colonial narrative of migrants as members of a territory of underdeveloped" is continued (ibid.). A translation of the migrant area into the tourist area seems, however, more difficult than at the times of the "guest worker"-migration. What constitutes the Mediterranean as a tourist destination seems to have no longer anything in common with the Mediterranean as an area of migration.

This paper focuses on Eastern European migrants who, since the beginning of the 1990s, are entering the Republic Cyprus as "artistes". This is a visa permit status as well as an euphemism for short-term work permits in the local sex industry. In addition to exploring the migrational experiences of these women and their living and working conditions in the Republic of Cyprus, the paper reconstructs, empirically and analyt ically, the connection between immigration and the local sex industry. Here, several categories of social actors and institutions in Cyprus are actively involved. The rhetoric of government representatives, entrepreneurs and clients in the sex business on the one hand is contrasted with the discourse of local NGO representatives concerned with immigrants' rights on the other hand. The paper comes to the conclusion that all of these discursive positions ultimately do not do justice to the complex process of decisionmaking that women undergo who migrate into the sex industry. Either, freedom of choice is emphasized – such as by entrepreneurs and the government – or the domination of women – as in the public statements of the NGO. In order to analyze the ambivalent tension between freedom of choice and submission to force by which the women's decision is characterized, the author employs Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality, which describes forms of political regulation that use the individual's freedom of action as an instrument to exercise power.