"The language of a speech community can only act as an identity marker for all of its speakers if a standard is widely shared and if a minimal number of language varieties are spoken. This book examines how one dialect came to serve the whole of Iceland. The language community that we can reconstruct for early Iceland should have led to the establishment and maintenance of dialects. But this didn't happen. Iceland was instead characterized by long-term linguistic homogeneity. Using the most recent sociolinguistic theory, and drawing on history and archaeology, Stephen Pax Leonard explores some of the reasons for the unusual development of the Icelandic language, showing how the Icelandic identity developed through the establishment of social structures and their literary culture. With its rich literature, the language became the single most important factor for the identity of the Icelanders. Language, Society and Identity in early Iceland is a fascinating account of an under-examined historical-linguistic story that will spur further research and discussion amongst researchers. In particular, it leaves a trail for those concerned with language and identity in Iceland today, where there is for the first time unequivocal evidence of sociolinguistic variation. Stephen Pax Leonard is a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and a Research Associate at the Scott Polar Research Institute. Educated at Oxford, Stephen studied modern and ancient languages before developing interests in linguistic and existential anthropology. He has carried out both linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork in Iceland and the Faroe Islands"--
In: Anthropos: internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- und Sprachenkunde : international review of anthropology and linguistics : revue internationale d'ethnologie et de linguistique, Band 118, Heft 1, S. 1-6
This essay explores what one might call the "nihilistic turn": the structures of intellectual self-destruction that seem to have become embedded in social anthropology. Using the author's long-term fieldwork in Greenland as a backdrop and from the point of view of the ethnographer in the field, it finds that much of the nihilistic navel-gazing that has come to characterise the subject is to be found wanting. The ethnographer is seldom in the superordinate position vis-à-vis his or her interlocutors that so many assume, and if we stopped insisting on framing questions of representation through the post-modernist lens of power differentials we would see that the supposed "power" that a western ethnographer has is often grossly exaggerated. [ethnography; entanglements; nihilism; Greenland]