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When is it appropriate to intervene in individual or large-scale disputes? How would intervention be most effective in helping an abused child, in resolving conflicts between labor and management, in mediating in a foreign war? In this wide-ranging and original book, a distinguished social psychologist provides a broad overview and analysis of the phenomenon of intervention in human affairs. Drawing on many historical and current examples of intervention, Leonard W. Doob considers what must be taken into account in the planning, selection, timing, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. He also focuses on the morality of intervening - which is, after all, interfering with the judgment or behavior of other persons - discussing a variety of situations, such as providing medical treatment to terminally ill people, preventing abortions, attempting to reconcile incompatible partners in a marriage, colonizing developing societies, and dividing countries after war. Doob maintains that since every intervention contains unique elements, strict principles for intervening cannot be formulated. Past experience does provide guides for the future; yet these guides are uncertain and must be used cautiously

This dissertation describes a computer simulation model of a central city with emphasis on its application to Newark, New Jersey. The work begins with a review of the Forrester Urban Dynamics Model; the first attempt to simulate the entire system of the city. The objections to this model which have appeared in the literature are discussed, and the model is viewed in the light of other work in the field. A set of guidelines to aid the "second generation" model building effort is developed. The actual construction of a model which attempts to follow these guidelines is described. First, the logical basis for the inputs and outputs of the model is presented, and then the algorithms which make up the four sectors of the model are described in detail. These sectors include sub-models dealing with the city's Housing, Households, Jobs, and Government. Relevant data and appropriate connections with urban literature are presented. Next a "standard run" of the model is described. This run was made with data from Newark to achieve a partial model calibration, and to examine the future impact of existing policies. Various alternative programs leading to the arbitrary goal of "city stability" are examined. It is found that substantial changes in public policy would be necessary to achieve this goal. Finally, suggestions for the further development of large scale urban simulation models are made.