Suchergebnisse

Fra gli economisti politici classici, Terry Byres sostiene che una transizione agraria di successo conduce a uno sviluppo capitalista nazionale dinamico e che tali transizioni sono il risultato di specifiche lotte agrarie di classe. Decenni di sviluppo neo-liberista hanno mosso varie sfide a questa posizione, tra cui la visione che oggi la lotta č tra il "regime alimentare internazionale" e i contadini "come gruppo unificato". Un'altra posizione č quella di Henry Bernstein il quale sostiene che, per il capitale, una transizione agraria a livello nazionale non č piů necessaria né possibile. Il saggio indaga questa discussione in relazione all'India, attraverso l'analisi sia del dibattito riguardante l'economia politica agraria in India sia lo sviluppo agrario del paese oggi. La conclusione č che, mentre lo sviluppo capitalista ha avuto luogo nell'agricoltura indiana, a questo non si č aggiunta una transizione agraria di successo che č effettivamente stata superata in molte parti del paese, almeno nell'immediato futuro.

The article assesses the ILO decent work agenda in the Global South: its objectives and coherence, its impact on labour relations and conditions, and its overall policy direction in relation to alternative labour rights and welfare policy thinking. This is followed by a case study of the Indian version of the decent work agenda and the extent to which the ILO–India collaboration has influenced regulatory frameworks and labour relations. From this, wider lessons for both the ILO decent work agenda and for Indian labour relations are drawn: it is argued that the present emphasis on progress in social protection has inherent dangers as this is not likely to overcome underlying inequalities and form the basis for broader welfare coalitions, including for the political mobilization of informal workers themselves.

ABSTRACTIn India, movements and parties representing the lowest ranking dalit caste groups have followed different strategies in their struggle against social, economic and cultural discrimination. In this article, a new dalit movement making use of a 'transnational advocacy network strategy' will be compared to a more 'classical'dalit political party. The main policy target for the new movement is an extension of existing affirmative action policies, while the dalit BSP party focuses more on emancipatory issues. Based on an analysis of the impacts of the BSP and of the new movement at the grassroots level, it is argued that the achievements of the new movement are tempered by the fact that in order to make use of international discourses and political pressure, the movement has had to develop a strategy and policy proposals compatible with existing mainstream neoliberal discourses. This depoliticizes the policies, and hence makes them of less importance strategically. It is argued that this is likely to be a difficulty for transnational advocacy networks in general.

The study deals with the social and economic development of certain of the non-agricultural rural groups of coastal Orissa in the last few decades. An investigation of how these groups have been affected by the capitalist penetration of the Indian rural economy is aimed at. The focus is on how, in the complex netwok of social amd economic relations of the village, the positions of these groups have been altered. The study of non-agrarian groups is based on a general outline of the most important social relations at the village level, emphasising the positions of the most powerful agrarian groups and of the higher castes; most of the important social relations of the non-agricultural groups revolve around these two groups. Within this context the study concentrates on the Viswakarma caste of coastal Orissa. Traditionally, the Viswakarmas are village blacksmiths and carpenters. - The report is one result of a research project carried out by the author at Centre for Development Research 1988-1992: "Artisans in Rural India: Changes in Employment Structure and Income Earning Opportunities. A case study from rural Orissa". (Publication)

This paper focuses on the processes of migrant labour exploitation which are crucial for capitalist growth and the inequalities they generate. Ethnographic research conducted in different sites across India shows how patterns of seasonal labour migration are driven by class relations marked by hierarchies of identity (caste and tribe) and the spatial geopolitics of internal colonialism (region) – differences that are mobilised for accumulation. Labour migration scholarship has mainly explored sites of production. We extend recent social reproduction theory (SRT) and an older literature on labour migration and reproduction to argue that the intimate relationship between production and social reproduction is crucial to the exploitation of migrant labour and that this means we have to place centre-stage the analysis of invisible economies of care which take place across spatiotemporally divided households, both in the place of migration and in the home regions of migrants. Furthermore, we develop recent work on SRT and migration to argue that an analysis of kinship (gender over generations, not just gender) is crucial to these invisible economies of care. This analysis is important in showing the machinations of capitalist growth and for political alternatives.

This paper focuses on the processes of migrant labour exploitation which are crucial for capitalist growth and the inequalities they generate. Ethnographic research conducted in different sites across India shows how patterns of seasonal labour migration are driven by class relations marked by hierarchies of identity (caste and tribe) and the spatial geopolitics of internal colonialism (region) – differences that are mobilised for accumulation. Labour migration scholarship has mainly explored sites of production. We extend recent social reproduction theory (SRT) and an older literature on labour migration and reproduction to argue that the intimate relationship between production and social reproduction is crucial to the exploitation of migrant labour and that this means we have to place centre‐stage the analysis of invisible economies of care which take place across spatiotemporally divided households, both in the place of migration and in the home regions of migrants. Furthermore, we develop recent work on SRT and migration to argue that an analysis of kinship (gender over generations, not just gender) is crucial to these invisible economies of care. This analysis is important in showing the machinations of capitalist growth and for political alternatives.

This paper focuses on the processes of migrant labour exploitation which are crucial for capitalist growth and the inequalities they generate. Ethnographic research conducted in different sites across India shows how patterns of seasonal labour migration are driven by class relations marked by hierarchies of identity (caste and tribe) and the spatial geopolitics of internal colonialism (region) – differences that are mobilised for accumulation. Labour migration scholarship has mainly explored sites of production. We extend recent social reproduction theory (SRT) and an older literature on labour migration and reproduction to argue that the intimate relationship between production and social reproduction is crucial to the exploitation of migrant labour and that this means we have to place centre‐stage the analysis of invisible economies of care which take place across spatiotemporally divided households, both in the place of migration and in the home regions of migrants. Furthermore, we develop recent work on SRT and migration to argue that an analysis of kinship (gender over generations, not just gender) is crucial to these invisible economies of care. This analysis is important in showing the machinations of capitalist growth and for political alternatives.

Neoliberal globalisation has resulted in the bypassing of agrarian transition-led industrialisation and classic proletarianisation, and class-for-itself class struggles are rare. Drawing on analyses of class relations, racism and other forms of social oppression, this contribution explores how processes of 'conjugated oppression' are central to the spread of contemporary capitalism. The focus is on India and on how the co-constitution of class relations and social oppression based on caste, tribe, gender and region is entrenching Dalits and Adivasis at the bottom of social and economic hierarchies. The analysis has deep-seated consequences for how we think about political struggles, in this case ones that foreground caste and tribe and focus on both labour and land.

Neoliberal globalisation has resulted in the bypassing of agrarian transition-led industrialisation and classic proletarianisation, and class-for-itself class struggles are rare. Drawing on analyses of class relations, racism and other forms of social oppression, this contribution explores how processes of 'conjugated oppression' are central to the spread of contemporary capitalism. The focus is on India and on how the co-constitution of class relations and social oppression based on caste, tribe, gender and region is entrenching Dalits and Adivasis at the bottom of social and economic hierarchies. The analysis has deep-seated consequences for how we think about political struggles, in this case ones that foreground caste and tribe and focus on both labour and land.

Neoliberal globalisation has resulted in the bypassing of agrarian transition-led industrialisation and classic proletarianisation, and class-for-itself class struggles are rare. Drawing on analyses of class relations, racism and other forms of social oppression, this contribution explores how processes of 'conjugated oppression' are central to the spread of contemporary capitalism. The focus is on India and on how the co-constitution of class relations and social oppression based on caste, tribe, gender and region is entrenching Dalits and Adivasis at the bottom of social and economic hierarchies. The analysis has deep-seated consequences for how we think about political struggles, in this case ones that foreground caste and tribe and focus on both labour and land.

Much development literature concerned with state–society relations operates with a simplistic state–people dichotomy. In contrast, this article focuses on the intersection between state and society and argues that this plays an important part in class reproduction in 'civil society'. This issue is explored with reference to the role of the local state in class reproduction in the Indian countryside. The focus is on the means by which rural social groups negotiate access to the local state and discourses surrounding the state. The balance of colonization, co‐option and opposition that characterizes the relationship between dominant rural classes and local state officials/institutions is examined against the impact of the rise of a populist low class party. It is argued that the intersection between 'class' and 'state' is closer than even critical studies of state–society relations have posited. Moreover, the state can, within certain limits, be brought to serve interests other than those of the dominant classes.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction: Democratisation in Uttar Pradesh -- 2 - Rural Transformation and Occupational Diversification in Western Uttar Pradesh:Economic and Demographic Changes in a Village -- 3 - Underserved and Overdosed? Muslims and the Pulse Polio Initiative in Rural North India -- 4 - The Elusive Pursuit of Social Justice for Dalits in Uttar Pradesh -- 5 - Agency in Words,Self-representation in Action: Connecting and Disconnecting Dalit and Low-caste Womenwith India's History of Gender and Politics -- 6 - Political Cooperation and Distrust: Identity Politics and Yadav-Muslim Relations, 1999-2009 -- 7 - On Whose Behalf? Women's Activism and Identity Politics in Uttar Pradesh -- 8 - The Politics of Identity and the People Left Behind: The Mallah Community of Uttar Pradesh -- 9 - Working Narratives of Intercommunity Harmony in Varanasi's Silk Sari Industry -- 10 - Democracy and Development in Uttar Pradesh -- Glossary -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Index.