Book Review: Earning More and Getting Less: Why Successful Wives Can't Buy Equality
In: Teaching sociology: TS, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 105-107
ISSN: 1939-862X
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In: Teaching sociology: TS, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 105-107
ISSN: 1939-862X
In: Teaching sociology: TS, Band 33, Heft 4, S. 426-427
ISSN: 1939-862X
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 149-168
ISSN: 1467-9221
When making decisions about a welfare case, it is reasonable for one's thoughts and feelings about the potential welfare recipient to influence the decision. It is less reasonable for one's "incidental" feelings (e.g., sadness or anger arising from an event in one's personal life) to influence such decisions. In two studies, however, data reveal that incidental anger and sadness do in fact carry over, shaping welfare policy preferences. Study 1 found that incidental anger decreased the amount of welfare assistance participants recommended providing relative to neutral emotion, whereas sadness increased the amount recommended. Study 2 replicated the results and found that limiting participants' cognitive resources eliminated the difference between sadness and anger, thus implying that differences in depth‐of‐thought drove the effects. In sum, the results reveal ways in which: (a) personal emotions carry over to shape preferences for public policies, (b) emotions of the same valence have opposing effects, and (c) differential depth‐of‐cognitive‐processing contributes to such effects.
In: The sociological quarterly: TSQ, Band 40, Heft 4, S. 565-586
ISSN: 1533-8525
In: International organization, Band 71, Heft 4, S. 803-826
ISSN: 1531-5088
AbstractNational security is one of many fields where experts make vague probability assessments when evaluating high-stakes decisions. This practice has always been controversial, and it is often justified on the grounds that making probability assessments too precise could bias analysts or decision makers. Yet these claims have rarely been submitted to rigorous testing. In this paper, we specify behavioral concerns about probabilistic precision into falsifiable hypotheses which we evaluate through survey experiments involving national security professionals. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that decision makers responding to quantitative probability assessments are less willing to support risky actions and more receptive to gathering additional information. Yet we also find that when respondents estimate probabilities themselves, quantification magnifies overconfidence, particularly among low-performing assessors. These results hone wide-ranging concerns about probabilistic precision into a specific and previously undocumented bias that training may be able to correct.
In: HKS Working Paper No. 16-016
SSRN
Working paper
In: Journal of risk and uncertainty, Band 44, Heft 2, S. 101-113
ISSN: 1573-0476
In: Personality and Individual Differences, Band 51, Heft 3, S. 274-278
SSRN
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 27, Heft 2, S. 289-298
ISSN: 1467-9221
The terrorist attacks of September 11 elicited many forms of negative affect, including anger and sadness. They also elicited a search for explanations. A national field study that experimentally primed emotion evaluated how priming anger and sadness differentially evoked causal judgments about the attacks. It found that priming anger triggered more causal attributions than did priming sadness. Thus, specific emotions, rather than general negativity, shaped citizens' attributions regarding September 11. In addition to its theoretical implications, the study demonstrates a method for studying ecologically valid emotions, under conditions of experimental control, with a nationally representative sample.
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 27, Heft 2, S. 289-298
ISSN: 0162-895X
In: Organizational dynamics: a quarterly review of organizational behavior for professional managers, Band 49, Heft 1, S. 100702
ISSN: 0090-2616
In: Psychological services, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 324-332
ISSN: 1939-148X
In: Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice and science, Band 1, Heft 4, S. 255-258
ISSN: 1557-850X
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 24, Heft 3, S. 519-547
ISSN: 1467-9221
In two experiments, participants judged the fairness of different distributions of wealth in hypothetical societies. In the first study, the level of meritocracy in the hypothetical societies and the frame of reference from which participants judged alternative distributions of wealth interacted to influence fairness judgments. As meritocracy increased, all participants became more tolerant of economic inequality, particularly when they judged fairness from a redistribution frame of reference that made salient transfers among socioeconomic classes. Liberal participants, however, placed a greater emphasis on equality than did conservative participants across all conditions. In the second study, reactions to income transfers depended on the efficiency of the transfers and the identity of the groups receiving the benefits, but conservatives placed a greater emphasis in their fairness judgments on tying benefits to workfare requirements, whereas liberals did not distinguish between unconditional welfare transfers and workfare transfers.
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 24, Heft 3, S. 519-548
ISSN: 0162-895X