Suchergebnisse

This open access book examines whether a distinctly Nordic procedural or court culture exists and what the hallmarks of that culture are. Do Nordic courts and court proceedings share a distinct set of ideas and values that in combination constitute the core of a regional legal culture? How do Europeanisation, privatisation, diversification and digitisation influence courts and court proceedings in the Nordic countries? The book traces the genesis and formation of Nordic courts and justice systems to provide a richer comprehension of contemporary Nordic legal culture, and an understanding of the relationship between legal cultural stability and change. In answering these questions, the book provides models for conceptualising procedural culture. Nordic procedural culture has partly developed organically and is partly also the product of deliberate efforts to maintain a certain level of alignment between the Nordic countries. Studying Nordic cooperation enables us to gain a deeper understanding of current regional, European and global harmonisation processes within procedural law. The influx of supranational European law, increased use of alternative dispute resolution and growth in regulation density that produces a conflict between specialisation and coherence, have tangible impact on the role of courts in a democratic society, the form of court proceedings and court structures. This book examines whether and why some trends exert more tangible, or perhaps simply more perceptible, influence on procedural culture than others.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Nordic Courts and Court Culture -- Part I: The Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Roots of the Nordic Court Culture -- Chapter 2. A sketch of the Development of Nordic Court Procedure and Court Culture, and Assessment of the Level of "Nordic-ness" Over Time and Reasons for Variation -- Chapter 3. Sources of Inspiration of Nordic Procedural Law -- Chapter 4. Courts, Law, Language and Culture -- Part II: Identifying Elements of a Nordic Court Culture -- Chapter 5. The Legal Cultural Model as a Tool for Analysis and Comparison -- Chapter 6. Culture, Society and Mentality in Nordic Courts -- Chapter 7. Nordic Courts in a European Perspective. A Comparative Perspective on Nordic Court Procedure in an Age of Convergence, Approximation and Harmonization -- Part III: Global Trends and Their Impact on Nordic Court Procedure -- Chapter 8. Globalization, Privatization, Diversification – A Farewell to Classic Court Procedure? -- Chapter 9. The Narrowing Space for National Courts – Fact or Fiction? -- Chapter 10. Not So National? – Trends in Criminal Procedure -- Part IV: Europeanisation, Globalization of Court Procedure -- Chapter 11. Dialogue Between Courts -- Chapter 12. The Changing Role of Nordic Courts -- Chapter 13. European Criminal Procedure and Nordic Courts -- Chapter 14. Fragmentation, Privatization, … of Court Procedure -- Chapter 15. Does Membership in the EU Matter in a Multi-speed Europe? -- Chapter 16. Iceland – Court Culture on the Outskirts of Europe -- Part V: The Changing Role of Courts – Diversification of Procedure, Specialization of Courts -- Chapter 17. Mediation: A Change in Court Culture? -- Chapter 18. Plea Bargaining: Criminal Justice as Communication -- Chapter 19. Small Claims in a Nordic Context -- Chapter 20. Online Dispute Resolution and the Role of Courts -- Part VI: Nordic Courts and Cooperation -- Chapter 21. Nordic Cooperation - Past, Present and Future -- Chapter 22. Is there a Nordic Court Culture? -- Part VII: The End or a New Beginning for Nordic Court Culture -- Chapter 23. Conclusions – Mapping the Future of Nordic Court Culture.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Nordic Legal Mind -- Abstract -- 1 Nordic Law -- 2 The Impact of "Old" Unions -- 3 Common Ways of Legal Thinking -- 4 Pragmatism and Realism -- 4.1 Against a Civil Code -- 4.2 Realism -- 5 Towards Common Legislation -- 6 Perspectives for the Future -- References -- 2 Nordic Model of Welfare States -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Welfare States and Expenditures -- 3 The Timing of Social Legislation -- 4 Financing the Welfare State and the Role of In-Kind Benefits -- 5 Equality -- 6 Challenges Facing the Nordic Family -- 7 From Welfare State Towards Competitive State? -- References -- 3 Constitutional Mentality -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Nordic Constitutional Landscape -- 2.1 Constitutional Mentality -- 2.2 The Key Position of the Parliament -- 3 Constitutional Variations on a Nordic Theme -- 3.1 Finland's Constitution -- 3.2 Sweden's Constitution -- 3.3 Norway's Constitution -- 3.4 Denmark's Constitution -- 3.5 Iceland's Constitution -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Respecting Autonomies and Minorities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nordic Territories with Special Status -- 2.1 Denmark and Finland: Differently Constructed States with Territorial Autonomies -- 2.2 Home Rule in the Faroe Islands -- 2.3 Greenland's Self-government -- 2.4 Åland -- 3 Indigenous Peoples and Minorities -- 3.1 The Sami in Finland, Norway and Sweden -- 3.2 German Minority in Denmark -- 3.3 National Languages and Minority Groups in Finland -- 3.4 Minorities in Norway and Sweden -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Promoting Gender Equality -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Liberal Feminism and Gender Neutrality of Laws -- 3 State Feminism and Women's Law -- 4 Equality Law -- 5 Gender Difference and Violence Against Women -- 6 Gender as a Social Construction -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Marriage and Family Relations.