Suchergebnisse

The research aims to determine the role of self-regulatory bodies in monitoring advertising activities and in protecting the child from their adverse influence, to assess the current state of self-regulation in this area in Ukraine and to determine necessary components for its systematic implementation into domestic legal system. In order to achieve aforesaid aims the following methods of legal research have been applied: analysis, systemic analysis, generalization, legal modeling. Specifically, the method of analysis has been used to extract the features of the successful activities that are conducted by selfregulatory organization in other countries. To derive patterns and clarify the reasons for the effective activities of self-regulatory organizations, methods of generalization and systemic analysis have been used. In addition, the method of legal modeling has been elaborated in order to determine the possible ways of self-regulatory system implementation in Ukraine. The author analyzes the concept of self-regulation. The advantages of self-regulation in comparison with the state regulation are evaluated. Namely, it is done through the prism of the relevant legal experience taken from Great Britain, France, the United States of America. The conditions necessary for the implementation of a self-regulatory system are revealed. The current state of self-regulation in Ukraine is scrutinized. This makes it possible to find out the reasons for its underdevelopment in national legal context. In general, the analysis of Ukrainian legislation on advertising is carried out and the issues of the self-regulatory system in the context of protecting children from the negative impact of advertising information are studies thoroughly. Approaches and relevant empirical material analyzed within the article allow the author to arrive at following conclusions. The author identifies the value of self-regulation, particularly, its advantages in comparison with the state regulation. Additionally, the author emphasizes the lack of special legislation in Ukraine that regulates the legal status of self-regulatory organizations in the field of advertising; insufficiency of the scope of public organizations powers stipulated in the legislation; the inconsistency of the activities of a significant number of public associations in this area as well as the absence of a certain sustainable reform in outlined domain. In this vein, the connection between the lack of systemic reforms in this area, desuetude, conflict of laws, as well as incomplete legislation and the decrease in the authority of the law for the actors in the advertising industry is established. The author suggests the ways of implementation of significant institutional changes in the legal regulation for self-regulatory organizations' activities in Ukraine, primarily in terms of consolidating their legal status, functioning certain rules and principles of state control over their activities.

"es.Using an industry-level dataset of production and trade spanning 75 countries and 5 decades, and a fully specified multi-sector Ricardian model, we estimate productivities at the sector level and examine how they evolve over time in both developed and developing countries. We find that in both country groups, comparative advantage has become weaker: productivity grew systematically faster in sectors that were initially at the greater comparative disadvantage. The global welfare implications of this phenomenon are significant. Relative to the counterfactual scenario in which an individual country's comparative advantage remained the same as in the 1960s, and technology in all sectors grew at the same country-specific average rate, welfare today is 1.9% lower for the median country. The welfare impact varies greatly across countries, ranging from -0.5% to +6% among OECD countries, and from -9% to +27% among non-OECD countries. Contrary to frequently expressed concerns, changes in developing countries' comparative advantage had virtually no impact on welfare in the developed countries"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

"This paper analyzes the impact of international trade on the quality of institutions, such as contract enforcement, property rights, or investor protection. It presents a model in which imperfect institutions create rents for some parties within the economy, and are a source of comparative advantage in trade. Institutional quality is determined as an equilibrium of a political economy game. When countries share the same technology, there is a "race to the top'' in institutional quality: irrespective of country characteristics, both trade partners are forced to improve institutions after opening. On the other hand, domestic institutions will not improve in either country when one of the countries has a strong enough technological comparative advantage in the institutionally intensive good. We provide empirical evidence for a related cross-sectional prediction of the model. Countries whose exogenous geographical characteristics predispose them to exporting in institutionally intensive sectors exhibit significantly higher institutional quality"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Neoclassical realism emerged as part of the neorealists' response to the criticism of their core theoretical provisions, intended to adapt the latter to the challenges of post-bipolar international relations. However, with further elucidation and formalization of the key ideas and premises of neoclassical realism it started to assert itself as an independent research approach, and even more so, as a special, metasynthetic theory. In order to assess the validity of these claims and, in general, to better understand the place of neoclassical realism in the theory of international relations, this paper considers it within the context of the evolutionary logic of the realist paradigm and neorealism, in particular. The first section identifies the origins and main theoretical provisions of neoclassical realism. The second section covers modern theoretical debates on the essence of and prospects for further development of analytical and methodological aspects of this approach. In order to provide a better understanding of the epistemological potential of the neoclassical realism, the third section examines empirical researches carried out within its framework. The author concludes that at the moment neoclassical realism can hardly qualify for the status of an independent theoretical position, let alone a meta-theory. It is more appropriate to consider it as a peculiar form, specific research model within the framework of the (neo)realist paradigm. As such, it allows putting forward verifiable hypotheses based on the analysis of the relationships between the independent, dependent and interfering variables, and also opens up new opportunities for conducting empirical research on a wide range of subject matters. At the same time, there is still a lot of work to be done to overcome the eclecticism inherent to neoclassical realism and to better define its ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations.

У статті розглянуто стан наукової розробки теми діяльності на українських землях військової контррозвідки у Діючій армії у період 1941 – 1945 років, на підставі вивчення значного кола наукових праць радянських та сучасних дослідників виявлено провідні напрями дослідження проблеми, висвітлено особливості джерельної бази, подано пе- ріодизацію основних векторів вивчення, визначено завдання подальших напрямів студіювання порушеного питання.