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The article presents an analysis of the political divisions between the United States and its European allies concerning the U.S. withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on the Iranian nuclear program. The first section of the article elucidates the key aspects of the research program, which is grounded in the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism to interpret the goal-setting and motivations of European participants' actions. The subsequent section delineates the circumstances surrounding the U.S. departure from the Iranian nuclear agreement, while the third part outlines the context and manifestations of foreign policy responses by European participants of the JCPOA, offering initial conceptual insights into challenging the U.S. exit from the Agreement. The article suggests that emerging contradictions stem from varying assessments by partners regarding the international-political ramifications of the JCPOA's breakdown and conflicting interests among involved parties. The response of European allies (EU/E3) was influenced by specific conditions at that time, shaping responsive actions and reaction forms based on a set of political and economic factors. In these circumstances, European participants aimed at a) maintaining constructive politico-diplomatic relations with Iran and fostering multilateral cooperation; b) sustaining mutually beneficial trade and economic ties, alongside established infrastructures for engagement with Iran.

Neoclassical realism emerged as part of the neorealists' response to the criticism of their core theoretical provisions, intended to adapt the latter to the challenges of post-bipolar international relations. However, with further elucidation and formalization of the key ideas and premises of neoclassical realism it started to assert itself as an independent research approach, and even more so, as a special, metasynthetic theory. In order to assess the validity of these claims and, in general, to better understand the place of neoclassical realism in the theory of international relations, this paper considers it within the context of the evolutionary logic of the realist paradigm and neorealism, in particular. The first section identifies the origins and main theoretical provisions of neoclassical realism. The second section covers modern theoretical debates on the essence of and prospects for further development of analytical and methodological aspects of this approach. In order to provide a better understanding of the epistemological potential of the neoclassical realism, the third section examines empirical researches carried out within its framework. The author concludes that at the moment neoclassical realism can hardly qualify for the status of an independent theoretical position, let alone a meta-theory. It is more appropriate to consider it as a peculiar form, specific research model within the framework of the (neo)realist paradigm. As such, it allows putting forward verifiable hypotheses based on the analysis of the relationships between the independent, dependent and interfering variables, and also opens up new opportunities for conducting empirical research on a wide range of subject matters. At the same time, there is still a lot of work to be done to overcome the eclecticism inherent to neoclassical realism and to better define its ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations.

The object of the research is Soviet animation of the period of 1950–1990. The author examines the stages of animation development, as well as the transformation of the main artistic methods and images used by Soviet animators. The relationship between the features of the development of animation and cultural and historical processes in the USSR is revealed. The influence of the ideological foundations broadcast from above on the industry is shown. In the course of the study, the main tasks of Soviet animation were identified, which can be traced in the cartoons of the period under review. Content analysis is used as a research method. The main films of each decade of the Soviet era were selected and analysed, and a secondary analysis of research on animation was carried out. The idea of the article is, firstly, to show how ideology changed in the Soviet era, and secondly, how these ideological attitudes were broadcast through cartoons. In the article, Soviet animation is analysed as a means of ideological influence of the authorities on society and the formation of a Soviet citizen. The author's contribution consists in an attempt to systematise a number of animated films in accordance with their intended ideological content.

Dynamic development of information technology has led to the development of informational weapon which is becoming the most dangerous tool of warfare between states. With the help of informational weapons can be conduct influence on informational resources of the hostile states and public opinion of the population. In accordance with it, informational weapon classified as information and technical weapon that affect the information resources, networks and systems of government and military management and as information-psychological weapon that affects the mental sphere, consciousness, subconsciousness, moral and psychological status of the social groups and society as a whole. At the some time, the types of informational weapons are defined by the ways of its usage. Also information weapon are subdivided on algorithmic, software and hardware, and information-psychological weapon which include propaganda, psychophysical, neurolinguistic, psychotropic, psychotronic, psychogenic and psychoanalytic ones. Complete description of these weapons is provided in this article. ; Динамичное развитие информационных технологий привело к возникновению информационного оружия, которое сегодня становится опаснейшим инструментом ведения противоборства между государствами. При помощи информационного оружия осуществляется влияние на информационные ресурсы противостоящего государства и общественное сознание его населения. В соответствии с этим, по целевому признаку оно классифицируется на информационно-техническое оружие, которое влияет на информационные ресурсы, сети и системы государственного и военного управления и информационно-психологическое, которое влияет на психику, сознание, подсознание, морально-психологическое состояние человека, социальных групп и общества в целом. Вместе с тем, виды этого оружия определяются применяемыми средствами. Так, исходя из средств информационно-технического оружия, оно подразделяется на алгоритмическое, программное и аппаратное, а информационно-психологическое оружие – на пропагандистское, психофизическое, нейролингвистическое, психотропное, психотронное, психогенное и психоаналитическое. Полное описание названных средств приводится в этой статье. ; Динамічний розвиток інформаційних технологій призвів до появи інформаційної зброї, яка на сьогодні стає найнебезпечнішим інструментом ведення протиборства між державами. За допомогою інформаційної зброї здійснюється вплив на інформаційні ресурси протилежної держави та суспільну свідомість її населення. Відповідно до цього, за цільовою ознакою вона класифікується на інформаційно-технічну зброю, яка впливає на інформаційні ресурси, мережі і системи державного і військового управління та інформаційно-психологічну, яка впливає на психіку, свідомість, підсвідомість, морально-психологічний стан люд`ини, соціальних груп та суспільства в цілому. Разом з тим, види цієї зброї визначаються засобами, які можуть застосуватися. Так, виходячи із засобів інформаційно-технічної зброї, вона поділяється на алгоритмічну, програмну і апаратну, а інформаційно-психологічна зброя – на пропагандистську, психофізичну, нейролінгвістичну, психотропну, психотронну, психогенну і психоаналітичну. Повний опис зазначених засобів наводиться у цій статті.

Purpose: to analyze and assess the main provisions of the medical reform regarding the demographic situation in Ukraine.Materials and Methods. We used healthcare statistics data related to mortality of the population, data of the sociological study of women in Khmelnytskyi region regarding reproduction of population.Results. Today, the demographic situation in Ukraine is characterized by such a negative phenomenon as signicant excess of deaths over births. What is the reason for this catastrophic phenomenon? Political, social, economic, medical problems are mentioned. Medical reform does not solve the problems of depopulation.Conclusion. Presently, the medical reform does not pay due attention to the problems of reproduction of the Ukrainian population. ; Мета. Проаналізувати і дати оцінку основним положенням медичної реформи стосовно демографічної ситуації в Україні.Матеріали і методи. Використані дані галузевої статистики, щодо смертності населення, дані соціологічного опитування жінок Хмельницької області, щодо відтворення людності.Результати На даний час демографічна ситуація в Україні характеризується таким негативним явищем, як значне перевищення смертності над народжуваністю. В чім причина цього катастрофічного явища? Називаються політичні, соціальні, економічні, медичні проблеми. Медична реформа на даний час не вирішує проблем депопуляції людності.

Purpose: to analyze and assess the main provisions of the medical reform regarding the demographic situation in Ukraine.Materials and Methods. We used healthcare statistics data related to mortality of the population, data of the sociological study of women in Khmelnytskyi region regarding reproduction of population.Results. Today, the demographic situation in Ukraine is characterized by such a negative phenomenon as signicant excess of deaths over births. What is the reason for this catastrophic phenomenon? Political, social, economic, medical problems are mentioned. Medical reform does not solve the problems of depopulation.Conclusion. Presently, the medical reform does not pay due attention to the problems of reproduction of the Ukrainian population. ; Мета. Проаналізувати і дати оцінку основним положенням медичної реформи стосовно демографічної ситуації в Україні.Матеріали і методи. Використані дані галузевої статистики, щодо смертності населення, дані соціологічного опитування жінок Хмельницької області, щодо відтворення людності.Результати На даний час демографічна ситуація в Україні характеризується таким негативним явищем, як значне перевищення смертності над народжуваністю. В чім причина цього катастрофічного явища? Називаються політичні, соціальні, економічні, медичні проблеми. Медична реформа на даний час не вирішує проблем депопуляції людності.

Climate change affects the metabolism of grape plants, quality and biological value of wine, necessitating the search for new territories to establish vineyards. The purpose of research is to assess the impact of agro-ecological conditions (2016–2021, Crimea) on the formation of a complex of phenolic antioxidants and quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes and wine. The methods used are: geoinformational (SRTM-3, ASTER GDEM, Worldclim ver. 2.0) and mathematical modeling, high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), enochemistry appropriate practices and statistical analysis. Following differences (Wilks L. ≤ 0.27; α < 0.00001) are determined in territories of grape growing in terms of heat supply – Uglovoe < Vilino < Yalta < Privetnoe, Solnechnaya Dolina < Morskoe; in terms of moisture supply – Solnechnaya Dolina, Morskoe, Privetnoe < Vilino, Uglovoe < Yalta. Increase in heat supply of territories was accompanied by the accumulation of sugars in grapes; easily extracted anthocyanins, flavonols, (–)-epicatechin in berry seeds and skins, and pH increasing, on the one hand; and on the other hand, intensification of transformation and polymerization processes in phenolic components during grape ripening and processing, leading to increase in the content of procyanidins (B2, B4), the proportion of malvidin, and decrease in the proportion of cyanidin and petunidin in berries; decrease in the concentration of monoand dimeric phenolic antioxidants, increase in the hints of spices and milk cream in aroma, as well as development of a velvety-tannic flavor in wine. Increase in the moisture supply of territories holds the process of accumulation and transformation of phenolic antioxidants in berries. Wine from grapes of Uglovoe, Vilino and Yalta vineyards contained a biologically significant amount of hydroxycinnamic acids; from Privetnoe, Yalta and Vilino vineyards – flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins. Wine from Morskoe and Solnechnaya Dolina vineyards contained an average of 1.6 times less phenolic antioxidants. The research results are significant for an object-oriented assessment of climatic conditions of grape growing territories.

The article examines the monograph by the Israeli historian M. Birman "P. Bitsilli (1879– 1953). Life and Work", which offers "a consolidated review of life and work" by the Russian and Bulgarian scholar and humanist Peter Bitsilli. It is noted that the monograph was written in the genre of intellectual biography, conventional for historiography, when the personal life and creative activities of the investigated historical figure are closely intertwined with broad cultural and historical contexts of the era. The article emphasizes that in contrast to the biographies of people of the past widespread in the scholarly literature, this narrative centres around a historical person, whose name remained in oblivion for more than half a century after his death, both in academic sphere and in historical memory. Despite the fact that the book poses many questions about the daily life and intellectual activity of a scholar, it does not provide the answers on the basis of research methods. It is not grounded on a rich source base; similarly to many other modern studies, the book is lacking in the information related to the considerable surviving number of archival documents, the materials of which would give answers to many questions regarding the biography of P. Bitsilli. Despite some shortcomings, omissions in the presentation of the material in the book, many questions posed for the first time by the author have been addressed and arouse genuine interest. One of the characteristic features of the reviewed work is its bibliographic component.