Metoda analizy konwersacyjnej została wykorzystana w analizie wywiadu poświęconego uzależnieniom od operacji plastycznych, wyemitowanego w programie TVP2 Pytanie na śniadanie. W rozmowie uczestniczyła kobieta określana mianem polskiej lalki Barbie, chirurg plastyczny, dwoje prezenterów telewizyjnych, występujących w roli moderatorów, oraz partner zaproszonej do studia kobiety. Badane fragmenty rozmowy pozwoliły na prześledzenie, w jaki sposób możliwość pojawienia się sporu była na bieżąco neutralizowana, a różnice zdań i poglądów korygowane. Podstawowym rezultatem analizy jest rekonstrukcja sposobów postępowania uczestników rozmowy w potencjalnie kłopotliwej sytuacji.
The article concentrates on the role of European Union funds for innovation and balancing regional disparity in Poland. The challenge of regional innovativeness as a specific social process becomes more important to the regional policy and a structural Poland. The means of pro-innovative regional policy is particularly important in the light of globalization challenges and official policies made by the European Union and Member States. Analyses presented in the paper are based on the programming documents at EU level, the country and the region, as well as analyses, reports and statistical data on EU funds and their impact on innovation and socio-economic development. This paper analyses the regional disparities and tries to identify the causes and measures particularly in the socio-economic development and innovativeness. It also discusses the structural funds available in 2004–2006 and 2007–2013, which can be regarded as a remarkable opportunity to improve the competitive position relative to other European regions and experience for the financial possibilities of the structural funds in the new financial perspective 2014–2020.
Supporting innovation, particularly technological progress, is considered a substantial element of policies towards sustainable development. It is considered that both research and innovation contribute to employment growth, increase prosperity and quality of life. Given the above assumptions and the role of research in the knowledge-based economy, the European Union has decided to create their own innovative policies and instruments of implementation. The paper defines the areas of convergence between cohesion policy and innovation policy implemented by the EU and Polish policy implemented at national and regional level. In Poland, innovation, competitiveness and eco-efficiency play a significant role in the regional disparities and an integrated approach to innovation can provide benefits for both Poland and the EU.
SUMMARYIt is essential to know the history of Catholic Church in Poland during German occupation when it comes to exploration of aggregate history of Polish nation in this difficult time. The issue of repression against Polish clergy from Lublin diocese by German authorities in years 1939-1944 and powers of Third Reich, was presents in various aspects, in many scholarly articles, monographs and group works. However, the aforementioned publications do not exhaust basics to educate foil and fair-minded view on this problem.German army went in to Lublin on 18 September 1939, after dramatic defense of the citizens.After the short time of reign of Wehrmacht units, on 26 October 1939, Führer proclaimed his decree on creating administrational entity called Generalna Gubernia, which involved four regions, including lubelski region with Lublin as its capital. This decree embraced the area of pre-war Lubelskie Voivodeship. The occupation authority's division of administration did not violate the structure of deanery in the diocese. However, under the new circumstances, deans and rectors had difficulties executing administrational functions. When the Lubelski District was created. Bishop Marian Leon Fulman and suffragan, Bishop Władysław' Goral wielded authority in this area.It is necessary to mention that bloody operations of the police and SS are especially remembered in the history of Church in Lublin and the whole area. These two bodies were executing the most important strategic tasks within the scope of 'maintaining order', prevention, requital, or even genocide and extermination. This group was led by SS- Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik (till September 1943) and SS-Gruppenführer Jacob Sporrenberg.The most significant German operations, when it comes to repression of catholic clergy in, the Lubelski District are repressive or intimidating actions.In the Lubelski District, occupation authorities applied the same methods of repression and extermination both to all citizens and clergy. Lublin's clergymen were dying in executions, they were taken as hostages, arrested and send to concentration camps. Hie repression involved priests on every level of church hierarchy. What is more, it must be said that only Polish bishops out of all occupied countries were arrested and taken to concentration camps.In the Lubelski District, the main place where the people were arrested was Lublin and prison of Security Police and Security Service. Prison on the Castle, as it was called, was subdued to the leader of SS and the police in the district. The prison m Lublin was without undoubtedly a place of terror and attrition of prisoners held in it on the mass scale. This prison became the place of direct extermination where executions were done by firing squad, hanging, or even by gassing. Executions had unitary or mass character, they were sometimes done in a company of eyewitnesses, but usually they were confidential, performed at night or in the morning.The first 'purifying' action of intelligentsia, which started with arrests in November and was follow ed by verdicts of executions for bishops and the execution itself on 23 December, was perceived by the leaders of SS and the police, Odilo Globocnik, as fight with leading layer of society, who could potentially organize actions against German authorities, they could give signal to ruthless fight with 'unwanted elements'. Repressions took place on the local scale, because they involved only people from Lublin or from area around Lublin. The way in which this action was prosecuted indicates that it was chaotic strike, because the enforcement authority which held power at the beginning of the November did not have full records of the intelligentsia.Globocnik considered Catholic Church an important monument of Polish national spirit, so he began the purging of the district by first destroying the Church. It can be validated by the three mass arrests of clergy on 9 Nov, 11. Nov and 17 Nov 1939.The effect of the policy realized by Odilo Globocnik is presented in statistics relating to repressing of clergy in years 1939-1945. 200 out of 459 priests from Lublin diocese in 1939 fell victim to German terror.
In this study I present the conclusions of reports of the research teams which examined the policy range and analysed the activities regarding the inclusion of the socially deprived in rural areas, i.e. the British, Hungarian and Polish reports. When undertaking to find a reply to the question raised at the beginning of this article, I considered that the empirical basis would be quality material collected within the framework of focused group interviews1.Although the focused group interviews were conducted according to a scenario which was prepared by the research teams, changes were possible in each country (although these changes did not affect the research issue). Apart from the main aim of the discussion, i.e. the diagnosis and analysis of both successes and failures of educational activity enabling social inclusion, these differences concerned the digressions concentrating on poverty and social exclusion in rural areas and problems connected with the implementation of inclusive policy - Hungary; considerations concerning the kind of help which should be provided to individuals and groups struggling with poverty in the countryside - Great Britain; methods evaluating the effectiveness of aid agencies acting in favour of social inclusion - Poland.Representatives of government agencies playing a key role in the introduction of various forms of inclusive policy and representatives of institutions which provide direct help to the marginalised and those exposed to social marginalisation (which use various educational methods) took part in the research.
In this study I present the conclusions of reports of the research teams which examined the policy range and analysed the activities regarding the inclusion of the socially deprived in rural areas, i.e. the British, Hungarian and Polish reports. When undertaking to find a reply to the question raised at the beginning of this article, I considered that the empirical basis would be quality material collected within the framework of focused group interviews1.Although the focused group interviews were conducted according to a scenario which was prepared by the research teams, changes were possible in each country (although these changes did not affect the research issue). Apart from the main aim of the discussion, i.e. the diagnosis and analysis of both successes and failures of educational activity enabling social inclusion, these differences concerned the digressions concentrating on poverty and social exclusion in rural areas and problems connected with the implementation of inclusive policy - Hungary; considerations concerning the kind of help which should be provided to individuals and groups struggling with poverty in the countryside - Great Britain; methods evaluating the effectiveness of aid agencies acting in favour of social inclusion - Poland.Representatives of government agencies playing a key role in the introduction of various forms of inclusive policy and representatives of institutions which provide direct help to the marginalised and those exposed to social marginalisation (which use various educational methods) took part in the research.
The main aim of this article is to explore the degree of innovativeness of Podkarpackie district on the background of the rest of Polish districts, areas of European Union and factors that determine this position. All scientific work that has been conducted during realization of the abovementioned goal, have been divided into two parts. In the frame of the first part, the analysis of the secondary-core materials have been conducted, that refer to the topic of innovation. The second part of the research contained the analysis of the statistical data from Eurostat on the selected sights of innovativeness, that have been possible from the NUTS-2 classification perspective, coherent with Polish district nomenclature. During the works on the first part of the analysis there were 18 indicators selected with the focus on a different level of the innovativeness. For the analysis the dataset of 225 regions of EU have been used, available from the innovation perspective. The analysis was made for the data from 2000–2010, although the availability of the data have been different for different indicators. ; Celem artykułu jest zbadanie stopnia innowacyjności woj. podkarpackiego na tle regionów Polski i Unii Europejskiej i czynników warunkujących tę pozycję. Prace badawcze, które podjęto w związku z realizacją założonego celu badania zostały podzielone na dwa etapy. W ramach pierwszego etapu badania przeprowadzona została analiza wtórnych materiałów źródłowych dotyczących zakresu problematyki innowacyjności. Drugi etap badania obejmował analizę danych statystycznych, pochodzących z baz Eurostat nt. poszczególnych aspektów innowacyjności, co umożliwiło dokonanie klasyfikacji regionów poziomu NUTS-2, odpowiadającym polskim województwom. Do analizy przyjęto 225 regionów UE, dla których dane nt. innowacyjności były dostępne. W analizie przyjęto dane dla lat 2000–2010. W pierwszym etapie prac wyodrębniono 18 wskaźników świadczących o różnych aspektach innowacyjności. Dobór wskaźników był podyktowany ich dostępnością na poziomie NUTS-2 oraz porównywalnością wyników z tymi dla innych regionów UE. Przyjęte do analizy wskaźniki innowacyjności zostały ustalone według zharmonizowanej metodologii dla Unii Europejskiej – Regional Innovation Scoreboard.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs ) participate in the process of transformations occurring in their environment, which is manifested in their ongoing readiness to investment activity. The aim of this article was to identify relations between the SME investment and the development of tourist regions on the example of three spa and tourist communities. The analysis presented in this article is the result of CATI (with the tourist enterprises) and IDI (with leaders of tourism entrepreneurship) research. Data analysis was performed using statistical measures. The problems related to nature, sources, barriers and SME investment activity were analyzed.
For the governments of individual countries and regions, actions to improve the investment climate are tools that contribute to new production and service investments, and thus to economic development. The investment climate is the result of many components. The aim of this article is to analyze the individual components of the investment climate on the example of three spa and tourist municipalities: Krasnobród, Solec Zdrój and Rymanów. The analysis provides the basis for conclusions on the desired action of local and regional authorities to improve the situation. The analysis presented in this article is the result of CATI and FGI research.
Despite the fact that discussions have focused on the Association Agreement and resolving the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine as a turning point in EU-Ukraine relations, we look at the European integration of Ukraine from the perspective of public opinion. This is important because public opinion is one of the most important EU factors that may affect European integration and Europeanization processes in the EU countries. This article provides among other aspects the answer to the question: What are the positive and negative effects of the integration of Ukraine into the EU, in the opinion of Polish entrepreneurs?
This article examines financial support (especially EU Structural Funds as the main tool of cohesion policy) for investments as a lever for the development of SME innovativeness in Poland. The European Commission strongly stresses the importance of their cohesion policy and support for SMEs. European enterprises have suffered significantly from the credit crunch, and the situation could worsen as banks engage in restructuring to eliminate impaired assets from their balance sheets. Supporting SMEs and promoting entrepreneurship is essential for economic development and competitiveness, especially in less developed regions. The main aim of this study is to establish the impact of financial support for investments, especially from EU Structural Funds, on SME competitiveness in Poland. We have analyzed empirically the data drawn from CATI carried out among 805 firms. We have learned how SMEs assess the financial support from different sources along with the resulting impact on the competitiveness of SMEs. The main statistical test for relationships and dependencies was the chi-square independence test and Cramer's V. The results of our research show that SMEs have not used financial support efficiently. Moreover, micro-enterprises were shown to be the least effective after receiving financial support from EU funds. This support often has a demand-driven effect, but it does not improve firm competitiveness. ; European Commission, EC
