Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- 1. Nineteenth century precursors of an international criminal legal system -- 2. The birth of the new justice at the Paris Peace Conference -- 3. Crimes against humanity and crimes of denationalization : the victory of political expediency over justice -- 4. Blueprints for international criminal courts and their political rejection in the 1920s -- 5. International terrorism in the 1920s and '30s : the response of European states through the League of Nations and the attempt to create an international criminal court -- 6. The search for a victim-centered new justice, 1942-1946 : the World Jewish Congress and the Institute of Jewish Affairs -- 7. The Genocide Convention : the gutting of preventative measures, 1946-48 -- 8. Revisiting the Geneva Conventions, 1946-49 : synthesizing the old and new justice -- Epilogue -- Conclusion

Violence, both physical and nonphysical, is central to any society, but it is a version of the problem that it claims to solve. This Element examines how states in ancient East Asia, from the late Shang through the end of the Han dynasty, wielded violence to create and display authority, and also how their licit violence was entangled in the 'savage' or 'criminal' violence whose suppression justified their power. The East Asian cases are supplemented through citing comparable Western ones. The themes examined include the emergence of the warrior as a human type, the overlap of hunts and combat (and the overlap between treatments of alien species and alien peoples), sacrifice of both alien captives and 'death attendants' from one's own groups, the impact of military specialization and the increased scale of armies, the emergent ideal of self-sacrifice, and the diverse aspects of violence in the regime of law.