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China's opening up has unleashed lucrative opportunities to foreign investors. However, doing business in China is far more difficult than many people have anticipated. Using a new theoretical framework and comprehensive evidence, this book systematically examines China's hard and soft investment environment for FDI. Main problems encountered by investors are also investigated. The book is an essential guide to investors in avoiding common and expensive pitfalls of doing business in China and an invaluable reference for consultants, researchers and students in understanding the Chinese market.

This paper uses phenomenon based research to examine why all western internet firms (WIFs) have failed in China. In contrast to western firms from other sectors which have all achieved different levels of success, no WIFs, from search engines, internet content providers, social networks, to e-commerce and sharing economy platforms, have been able to beat their Chinese competitors and achieve sustainable operational success in China. Government censorship and control and cultural differences between China and the West are often cited as main reasons for such failures, but similar conditions existed in other countries, such as Indonesia or Saudi Arabia, which did not prevent WIFs such as Google from dominating over 90% of their search markets. Existing international business theory, the Ownership-Location-Internalisation (OLI) Eclectic Paradigm, failed to offer plausible explanations. Using comprehensive empirical evidence gathered from two rounds of elite interviewing, this paper identifies the key factors and the prevailing narratives from both the inside view and outside view to explain why all WIFs have failed in China. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Future research should examine the key factors that led to the systematic failure of WIFs in China, particularly by testing propositions and developing new theoretical frameworks.

Difference-in-differences is a widely used evaluation strategy that draws causal inference from observational panel data. Its causal identification relies on the assumption of parallel trends, which is scale-dependent and may be questionable in some applications. A common alternative is a regression model that adjusts for the lagged dependent variable, which rests on the assumption of ignorability conditional on past outcomes. In the context of linear models, Angrist and Pischke (2009) show that the difference-in-differences and lagged-dependent-variable regression estimates have a bracketing relationship. Namely, for a true positive effect, if ignorability is correct, then mistakenly assuming parallel trends will overestimate the effect; in contrast, if the parallel trends assumption is correct, then mistakenly assuming ignorability will underestimate the effect. We show that the same bracketing relationship holds in general nonparametric (model-free) settings. We also extend the result to semiparametric estimation based on inverse probability weighting. We provide three examples to illustrate the theoretical results with replication files in Ding and Li (2019).

This article evaluates the concept of migration channels, identifying the strengths and weaknesses that have emerged from use of a migration channels framework in international migration research. Using professional migration to and from Hong Kong in the 1990s as an empirical lens, it is argued that the meso-scale understanding offered by examining the effect of migration channels is valuable. This is illustrated in terms of the contrasting channels used by different professions, as well by migrants motivated to move by citizenship as opposed to career reasons. Survey research of migrant engineers and doctors, however, points to the need to recast the channels migration framework in at least three ways, giving stronger recognition to 1) the strategic behavior of migrants themselves, 2) the need for a theorization of the hierarchically ordered economic "space" within which migration channels operate and, 3) the sociocultural context within which constructions of the meaning of migration and place occur.

Abstract. The temperature variations caused by additive tectonic stress has been studied to explain its relationship with the seismic fault sliding of the Abruzzo M = 6.3 Earthquake in April 2009. According to the periodic changes of the additive tectonic stress caused by the celestial tide-generating force, the temperature variations before and after the earthquake have been analyzed based on the temperature data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The figures of temperature variations clearly show that the abnormal increasing of the temperature has resulted from seismic fault sliding. Based on this method, it is possible to forewarn short-impending earthquakes.