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Governments and citizens need to coproduce a better response to the coronavirus pandemic. However, the unavailability and inaccessibility of essential information, the information asymmetry between governments and citizens, the misinformation, and the information overload all influence coproduction adversely. NPOs worldwide are making useful information available and accessible to governments and citizens, serving as information intermediaries to reduce the degree of information asymmetry, increasing information credibility to lighten the information overload, and clarifying misinformation. All these informational roles of NPOs are valuable to governments and citizens for fighting against the coronavirus and coproducing better health outcomes.

Governments and citizens need to work together to fight and win the war against the coronavirus and coproduce better health outcomes. However, information asymmetries exist between the two parties and influence coproduction adversely. Effective communication by satisfying different types of citizens' information needs can reduce the degree of information asymmetry and improve coproduction. When citizens distrust governments, governments can use credible information intermediaries, such as experts and volunteers, to increase information credibility. Increasing information credibility could further reduce information asymmetry, increase public trust, and motivate citizens to comply with health policies and coproduce better health outcomes.

Book Review: Donald Kettl, Little Bites of Big Data for Public Policy

ABSTRACTAlumni contribute to better educational outcomes by giving to their alma maters and supporting institutional activities. While rational and emotional giving motivations have been extensively documented, little is known about how alumni's perceptions of organizations' environmental and organizational factors influence their giving motivations and decisions. To fill the research gap, this study typologizes giving motivations by examining three representative cases of Chinese universities and their alumni donors. The findings validate the new typology of giving motivations and provide evidence that alumni's perceptions of environmental and organizational factors impact their giving decisions by influencing their rational and emotional giving motivations.

Systematic reviews summarize the progress of studies and pave roads for future research in an academic field. However, conducting a systematic literature review can be burdensome and time-consuming. Computer-assisted methods such as text mining techniques have been increasingly applied to improve systematic reviews in public administration. To test the reliability of using text mining for systematic literature reviews, this study uses clustering, topic modeling, automatic multi-term extraction, and text network to systematically review articles published in Chinese Public Administration Review from 2002 to 2019. By comparing machine-produced topics with existing human-coded themes, findings show that applying text mining methods for systematic reviews can be reliable and effective with cautions. The study also offers practical suggestions for researchers to apply text mining methods for systematic literature reviews.

AbstractPublicness theory deepens our understanding of differences and similarities of organizational behavior. However, in areas in which public, nonprofit, and private organizations compete to serve people, it remains unclear how the level of dimensional publicness influences individuals' perceptions and choices of organizations. In this study, we present evidence from two online experiments examining the way people's perceptions of resource publicness (operationalized as government funding, donations, and service fees) of elderly care centers in the U.S. influence their judgment of organizations and service choices. Findings suggest that people perceive donative organizations to be the warmest and most competent, followed by government‐funded and commercial organizations. We conclude that individuals' perceptions of resource publicness lead to different judgment that may influence their service choice decisions.

This symposium is a collection of articles that showcases how to improve research on Chinese NPOs. We include articles that incorporate new theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses, and that draw upon novel data, such as the Research Infrastructure of Chinese Foundations (RICF). These articles provide important insights into addressing the main challenges of studying China's NPOs - the lack of a managerial focus, and sparse empirical data which has resulted in very few research strategies. The articles in this symposium illustrate how empirical studies and increased focus on managerial issues could contribute to improving research on Chinese NPOs and help address questions of general concern in public administration.

This study examines the relationship between donor reliance on information and donors' subsequent charitable giving decisions of both time and money. To examine this relationship, we utilize data from an original survey of residents in San Diego County, California (n = 1,002), asking donors about their charitable activities and the information sources that they use to facilitate their charitable decisions. Our findings reveal that relying on information from both nonprofit accrediting agencies and personal experiences positively influences donors' decision to give time to nonprofit organizations (that is, volunteer), but has no significant impact on decisions to give money. Implications of these findings are discussed.

To coproduce better policy outcomes, governments and citizens need to work together. However, information asymmetry between the two parties influences the coproduction adversely. Nowadays, the multiplicity of information and its potential incongruence add to information asymmetry and make the impact of information on coproduction trickier than ever. This study examines the effects of political message, policy, and factual information on citizens' coproduction activities. Analyzing the effects of federal and state leaders' tweets, New York City's COVID-19 policies, reported COVID-19 cases and deaths, and the city's visits and public transportation ridership, the findings show that politicians' message, congruent or not, did not influence citizens' coproduction activities as measured by visits and public transit ridership. Policy implementation information improved coproduction, and the perceptions of factual information contributed to intended coproduction.

For most nonprofits, their effectiveness, sustainability, and survival all depend on the willingness of individuals to behave in prosocial ways, for example, by giving time, money, and/or resources to various organizations and causes. Scholars have, therefore, long sought to identify predictors of prosocial behaviors; and, one consistently significant variable in this quest has been prosocial role identity. Indeed, the strength of this identity, studies have shown, positively predicts participation in a variety of prosocial activities. Despite this significance, research on service-learning, a widely utilized pedagogical practice intended to prepare prosocially active and engaged citizens, has been largely disconnected from the literature on identity motivated behavior. Yet, this literature provides a strong conceptual foundation for understanding why, when, how, and for whom participation in service-learning will be associated with positive changes in prosocial identities—and, ultimately sustained participation in role-related prosocial behaviors. In this article, we connect these literatures and propose a model.