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PurposeThe emergence of mobile health (mHealth) products has created a capability of monitoring and managing the health of patients with chronic diseases. These mHealth technologies would not be beneficial unless they are adopted and used by their target users. This study identifies key factors affecting the usage of mHealth apps based on user usage data collected from an mHealth app.Design/methodology/approachUsing a dataset collected from an mHealth app named mPower, developed for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), this paper investigated the effects of disease diagnosis, disease progression and mHealth app difficulty level on app usage, while controlling for user information. App usage is measured by five different activity counts of the app.FindingsThe results across five measures of mHealth app usage vary slightly. On average, previous professional diagnosis and high user performance scores encourage user participation and engagement, while disease progression hinders app usage.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings potentially provide insights into better design and promotion of mHealth products and improve the capability of health management of patients with chronic diseases.Originality/valueStudies on the mHealth app usage are critical but sparse because large-scale and reliable mHealth app usage data are limited. Unlike earlier works based solely on survey data, this research used a large user usage data collected from an mHealth app to study key factors affecting app usage. The methods presented in this study can serve as a pioneering work for the design and promotion of mHealth technologies.

Improving the measurement of environmental policy intensity would affect not only the selection of variables in environmental policy research but also the research conclusions when evaluating policy effects. Because direct evaluation is lacking, the existing research usually applies data such as pollutant emission data, or the number of policies to construct proxy variables. However, these proxy variables are affected by many assumptions and different selection criteria, and they are inevitably accompanied by endogeneity problems. In this study, China's environmental policy is comprehensively collected for the first time, and a machine learning algorithm is applied to evaluate the policy intensity. We provide all the policies issued by the Chinese government from 1978 to 2019 and the quantified intensity for each policy. We also distinguish all policies into three types according to their attributes. This dataset can help researchers to further understand China's environmental policy system. In addition, it provides a valuable dataset for related research on evaluating environmental policy and recommending actions for further improvement.

Abstract
Air pollution control in the United States has evolved into a comprehensive policy system spanning from the federal to the state level over time. A unified quantitative analysis of policy intensity can shed light on the policy evolution across different levels, the influence of partisan and regional factors on policy, and the relationships with emissions of major pollutants. By harnessing the policy text of the Clean Air Act (CAA) at the federal level and State Implementation Plans (SIPs) at the state governments (1955–2020), we deployed a Natural Language Processing approach to define a policy intensity index to systematically quantify the US air policy landscape. Our findings highlight that the 1970 CAA amendment carries the most vigorous intensity as it established a holistic control system for the first time. Subsequent years witnessed a general trend of partisan polarization, eventually leading to a graduate convergence between red and blue states. Blue states demonstrated a closer alignment with federal directives and a superior efficacy in pollutant reduction. Regionally, the Northeast displays the highest overall policy intensity, and the West exhibits the highest coordination with the federal benchmarks, making these regions outperform others in air pollution control. Our study not only discusses policy implications for air pollutant reductions considering partisan and regional differences but also provides a novel measurement tool to quantify policies for assessing disparities and synergies.