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This volume intends to re-establish social gerontology as a discipline that has pragmatic links to policy and practice. Collectively, the chapters enrich public debates about the moral, cultural and economic questions surrounding aging, thereby ameliorating the "problems" associated with aging societies. This volume is uniquely cross-cultural, theory-driven and cross-disciplinary. It fills a gap in the gerontological scholarship of the global south that is predominantly descriptive and empirical. Based on original research, this volume examines in particular the sociological question of inequality and its intersection with age, gender, health, family and social relations. In the process, the studies herein highlight the unique historical, institutional and social systems that govern the subjective experience of aging in diverse contexts globally. Specifically, societies in transition including India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Japan, China, Israel and in Europe are studied while connecting the micro-social experience of aging (loneliness, wellbeing, discrimination, relationships and resilience) with larger temporal and political contexts. This exercise generates intellectual capital that reformulates links between aging research and policy in innovative ways. Overall, the volume echoes the global scientific commitment to understand the socio-cultural process of aging in transitional societies and utilizes rich opportunities for cross-fertilization of ideas, disciplines and methods to advance the gerontological promise of critical inquiry, training and practice

Contents -- 1 Genesis -- 1.1 Initial Construction of the Old City of Lhasa -- 1.1.1 Pre-urban Lhasa and Nearby Regions -- 1.1.2 Lhasa During Tupo Dynasty -- 1.1.3 Lhasa During the Sakya and Phagmodru Periods -- 1.1.3.1 The Central Government's Administration of Tibet During the Sakya Dynasty -- 1.1.3.2 Building of Lhasa During the Sakya Dyanasty -- 1.1.3.3 Central Government's Management of Tibet During the Phagmodru Dynasty -- 1.1.3.4 Lhasa Urban Construction During Phagmodru Dynasty -- 1.2 Formation of the Old City of Lhasa -- 1.2.1 Urban Construction Between 17th Century and 19th Century -- 1.2.2 From Early 20th Century to Early Post-peaceful Liberation Period -- 1.2.2.1 Social Reform Initiated by Tibet Ambans Prior to Xinhai Revolution -- 1.2.2.2 Lhasa in Republic of China Era -- 1.2.2.3 Social Change and Construction After Peaceful Liberation -- References -- 2 Lhasa City's Formation and Multiple Historical Factors -- 2.1 Influence of Natural Environment -- 2.1.1 Natural Conditions of Tibet and Implications to City Building -- 2.1.2 Natural Conditions of Lhasa -- 2.2 Lhasa as a Political Center -- 2.2.1 Tupo Dynasty: Lhasa Became a Capital -- 2.2.2 Ganden Phodrang Regime Established Capital in Lhasa -- 2.2.2.1 Construction During the Reign of the Fifth Dalai Lama -- 2.2.2.2 Post-5th Dalai Lama Lhasa Development -- 2.2.3 The Amban System: Establishment and Continuation -- 2.2.3.1 Lhasa Northward Expansion as a Result of the Tzashen Military Camp -- 2.2.3.2 Construction of Lubuk Yamen and the City's Expansion Towards Southwest -- 2.2.3.3 Evolution Into a Multiple-Cultural City -- 2.2.3.4 Mongolian Influence -- 2.3 Lhasa as a Religious Center -- 2.3.1 Importation of Buddhism -- 2.3.1.1 Songtsen Gampo's Introduction of Buddhism -- 2.3.1.2 Monastery-Building During Tupo Dynasty -- 2.3.2 Rise of Gelugpa

In the context where one main regressor is measured with error and at least one instrumental variable is available for the correction of measurement error, this paper provides, to the best of our knowledge, a first point‐identification result on the variance of measurement error, the variance of latent variable, and their covariance. We show that the parameters are identified if the regression model is not de facto linear. We illustrate the method in an application to identify mean‐reverting measurement error, a typical issue in reported income where the measurement error of income is negatively correlated with the true income.

Scholars have not yet established how power distance belief (PDB) influences consumers' new product acceptance. We examined the relationship between PDB and new product acceptance (i.e., consumers' preference and attitude), along with the moderating roles of life satisfaction and social
demonstrance, and the mediating role of need to belong. Through three studies, our findings show that when life satisfaction was low, consumers with low (vs. high) PDB had a more favorable attitude toward the new products and showed a stronger preference for them. Further, need to belong was
a principal mechanism inducing the influence of PDB and life satisfaction on new product acceptance, with the interaction effect being stronger among consumers with high (vs. low) social demonstrance. Our investigation makes important theoretical contributions by expanding the PDB literature,
and also has practical implications for marketers in their promotion of new product acceptance. For example, marketers could sell new products in cultures with low PDB or use advertisements to remind consumers of the importance of equality. This will help to prime consumers with low PDB when
their life satisfaction is low, thereby enhancing their attitude toward new products.