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Working paper
Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services
To address devastating environmental crises and to improve human well-being, China has been implementing a number of national policies on payments for ecosystem services. Two of them, the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Grain to Green Program (GTGP), are among the biggest programs in the world because of their ambitious goals, massive scales, huge payments, and potentially enormous impacts. The NFCP conserves natural forests through logging bans and afforestation with incentives to forest enterprises, whereas the GTGP converts cropland on steep slopes to forest and grassland by providing farmers with grain and cash subsidies. Overall ecological effects are beneficial, and socioeconomic effects are mostly positive. Whereas there are time lags in ecological effects, socioeconomic effects are more immediate. Both the NFCP and the GTGP also have global implications because they increase vegetative cover, enhance carbon sequestration, and reduce dust to other countries by controlling soil erosion. The future impacts of these programs may be even bigger. Extended payments for the GTGP have recently been approved by the central government for up to 8 years. The NFCP is likely to follow suit and receive renewed payments. To make these programs more effective, we recommend systematic planning, diversified funding, effective compensation, integrated research, and comprehensive monitoring. Effective implementation of these programs can also provide important experiences and lessons for other ecosystem service payment programs in China and many other parts of the world.
BASE
Soil characteristics and microbial community response in rare earth mining areas in southern Jiangxi Province, China
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 40, S. 56418-56431
ISSN: 1614-7499
China's Environment on a Metacoupled Planet
In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Band 43, S. 1-34
SSRN
Complex effects of natural disasters on protected areas through altering telecouplings
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 23, Heft 3
ISSN: 1708-3087
Multiple telecouplings and their complex interrelationships
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 20, Heft 3
ISSN: 1708-3087
Urban water sustainability: framework and application
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 21, Heft 4
ISSN: 1708-3087
Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 2
ISSN: 1708-3087