Suchergebnisse

Simulations are widely used in aviation, medical and military training. Simulation fidelity is an important element of simulation training development. This study explores the reliability of self-evaluation of fidelity and training transfer in comparison to objective performance measures in two experiments. In Experiment 1, fifteen participants (aged 20-32, mean= 23.1) completed a target-tracking task in the HELIFLIGHT simulator at the University of Liverpool. They then underwent training on a desktop-based helicopter simulator with basic visuals and a realistic turbine rotor noise as their only motion cues before being re-tested in HELIFLIGHT. Motion cue fidelity was manipulated to explore effects on subjective post-training ratings of fidelity and self-performance. In Experiment 2, eleven participants (aged 22-27, mean= 24.2) performed a hover task in HELIFLIGHT. As in Experiment 1, they then trained on a desktop-simulator before being retested in HELIFLIGHT. Again, cue fidelity was manipulated to explore effects on ratings of fidelity and self-performance, but also on sensation of presence. In both experiments, subjective post-trial ratings were compared with continuously-sampled objective measures. Both experiments showed that participants benefited from transferrable training from desktop simulator to full flight simulator. However, participants could not always reliably evaluate their own performance (Experiment 1). Additionally, participants could not always reliably judge cue fidelity (Experiment 1), and fidelity judgements did not always correspond with objective performance measures (Experiments 1 and 2). Self-evaluation of training also did not reflect objective measures of performance (Experiments 1 and 2), but participants did report greater subjective presence with multisensory motion cues compared to without. These findings contribute to the exploration of suitable metrics for fidelity, presence and performance evaluation.

JEL Classification: E44 G18 ; The five-year transitional period after China's entry into WTO has expired. To fulfil her promise of opening up the financial service market, China has cancelled all the restrictions on the scope of business and regional access for foreign-funded banks. Although the State Council has enacted the recently revised «Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Foreign-funded Banks» and the «Rules for Implementing the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administration of Foreign-funded Banks» as the main legal document on regulating foreign-funded banks, and, as obvious, flaw is unavoidable. And we must improve the supervisory legal system of foreign-funded banks in China to dissolve the risk arising by the entry of foreign-funded banks. This research work analyses and discuss the practical impact of the current legislation for supervision of foreign-capital banks, supervision of market access of foreign-capital banks, the supervision on RMB business management in foreign capital banks and the legal system for internal control of foreign banks. In the end of the dissertation, the improvement towards the perfection supervision of the foreign banks in PRC will be emphasized with respect to the new opening situation. ; O período de transição concedido à República Popular da China (RPC) na sua admissão na Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) já caducara. Segundo os compromissos de admissão na OMC, o sector financeiro da China passou a estar completamente aberto no final de 2006, e são abolidas todas as restrições para os bancos de capital estrangeiro no que respeita ao tipo de operações bancárias e no que respeita à extensão geográfica de operação. O Conselho de Estado promulgou a lei denominada de "Os Estatutos de Administração dos Bancos de Capital Estrangeiro" e ainda o decreto-lei de "Regulamentação para a implementação dos Estatutos de Administração de Bancos de Capital Estrangeiro" e estes constituem os principais documentos jurídicos que servem de base para uma efectiva administração e supervisão dos bancos de capital estrangeiro. Subsistem, no entanto, muitos aspectos por melhorar, sobretudo no que respeita aos limites e abertura do sistema. O presente trabalho cinge ao estudo e análise de como melhorar a supervisão dos bancos de capital estrangeiro, através da análise de vários discursos de dirigentes do Estado, da análise do estado actual da legislação de administração e supervisão dos bancos de capital estrangeiro, do sistema de leis de administração e supervisão no acesso ao mercado financeiro, de operação de RMB e do sistema legal de supervisão e controle interno das empresas. Discutiremos no final do trabalho as ineficiências do sistema legal de administração e supervisão dos bancos de capital estrangeiro da China, com base na realidade de que os bancos de capital estrangeiro entraram na China para explorar o mercado financeiro nacional. Proporemos sugestões e recomendações com vista a melhoria do sistema legal de administração e supervisão dos bancos de capital estrangeiro na China.

Government subsidies are an important policy tool that can help firms develop technological learning, and this technological learning effect plays a key role in firms' research and development (R&D) efficiency. Thus, this study develops a two-stage approach to illustrate the effect of subsidy policies and technological learning on R&D efficiency in the information technology (IT) industry. The technological learning effect in 128 firms in the IT industry from 2008 to 2015 was measured using the learning experience curve. Subsequently, government R&D subsidy intensity was considered as a categorical variable, and this estimated result was treated as an intangible input into a data envelopment analysis (DEA) structure to evaluate R&D efficiency in 2015. This study makes three major contributions. First, the developed approach incorporates the effect of subsidy policies and technological learning into the DEA structure. Second, the empirical results demonstrate the appropriateness of incorporating subsidy policies and technological learning into evaluations of R&D efficiency. Finally, our results identify the key sources of inefficiency as a shortfall in the number of patents and a lack of technological learning. Based on these key findings, some improved strategies were recommended to decision makers. First published online 19 November 2019

Government subsidies are an important policy tool that can help firms develop technological learning, and this technological learning effect plays a key role in firms' research and development (R&D) efficiency. Thus, this study develops a two-stage approach to illustrate the effect of subsidy policies and technological learning on R&D efficiency in the information technology (IT) industry. The technological learning effect in 128 firms in the IT industry from 2008 to 2015 was measured using the learning experience curve. Subsequently, government R&D subsidy intensity was considered as a categorical variable, and this estimated result was treated as an intangible input into a data envelopment analysis (DEA) structure to evaluate R&D efficiency in 2015. This study makes three major contributions. First, the developed approach incorporates the effect of subsidy policies and technological learning into the DEA structure. Second, the empirical results demonstrate the appropriateness of incorporating subsidy policies and technological learning into evaluations of R&D efficiency. Finally, our results identify the key sources of inefficiency as a shortfall in the number of patents and a lack of technological learning. Based on these key findings, some improved strategies were recommended to decision makers. First published online 19 November 2019

AbstractThe significance of green human resource management (GHRM) practices in promoting employees' environmentally friendly behaviors and enhancing environmental performance is well‐documented in current research. However, the impact of GHRM practices at the organizational level on the eco‐conscious behaviors of individual employees remains unexplored. Moreover, scholarly attention to employees' green innovative work behavior (GIWB) has been limited. This study explores the novel concept of GIWB from a strategic human capital (SHC) perspective. Drawing on signaling theory, this study proposes that GHRM practices act as signals emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability, which may influence GIWB at the individual level. This research aims to assess the effect of various GHRM practices on GIWB and to explore how unit‐level GHRM practices moderate the relationship between an employee's creative personality (CP) and their GIWB, using social exchange theory (SET) as the guiding framework. Data were collected from 163 HR managers and plant supervisors and 815 employees within Taiwan's environmental protection sector and then analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) techniques. The findings reveal that specific GHRM practices significantly enhance employees' GIWB. Furthermore, it demonstrates that aggregated GHRM practices moderate the relationship between CP and GIWB. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how signals from organizational GHRM practices can foster GIWB among individual employees.