Local expectations of the population spectral distribution of a high-dimensional covariance matrix
In: Statistical papers, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 563-573
ISSN: 1613-9798
15 Ergebnisse
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In: Statistical papers, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 563-573
ISSN: 1613-9798
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 59, S. 89438-89448
ISSN: 1614-7499
Urbanization is a dominant component of social and economic development around the world, but this process creates tremendous pressure on the ecological environment. How to achieve coordination between urbanization and conservation of this environment has become a key issue, especially in developing countries. It is necessary to identify the driving factors that affect this coordination. To identify these factors, we chose 290 Chinese prefecture-level cities to analyze the driving factors behind urbanization using spatial regression analysis, and explored the spatial differences among regions in these factors. Our results show that industrial upgrading and technological progress were the main factors that promoted coordinated development, with industrialization having positive effects under government management, but with differences among regions in how the driving forces affected coordinated development. Using technological progress to promote industrial upgrading, creating new employment to absorb surplus rural labor, and providing workers with skills training so they can take advantage of new jobs can promote win–win solutions that coordinate urbanization with conservation of the ecological environment.
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 10, S. 9459-9479
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Journal of global information technology management: JGITM, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 70-75
ISSN: 2333-6846
In: Statistical papers, Band 53, Heft 2, S. 439-455
ISSN: 1613-9798
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 166, S. 245-258
ISSN: 1879-2456
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 22, S. 63272-63288
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 11, S. 10656-10664
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 5, S. 6068-6077
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 2, S. 2355-2373
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 48, S. 73262-73270
ISSN: 1614-7499
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in China, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. METHODS: We extracted and integrated governmental statistics and relevant medical literature published from 1991 to 2000. Data were also collected from one general hospital each for the six provinces and Jin-an district, Shanghai, representative of six geographical regions and a modern city. FINDINGS: In 2000, 0.8-1.7 million episodes of bacillary dysentery occurred of which 0.5 to 0.7 million were treated at health-care facilities and 0.15-0.20 million patients were hospitalized. The highest morbidity and mortality rates were among the youngest and oldest age groups. Bacillary dysentery peaked during the summer months. The major causative species was Shigella flexneri (86%) and the predominant S. flexneri serotype was 2a (80%). About 74-80% of Shigella isolates remained susceptible to fluorinated quinolones. CONCLUSION: We conclude that while morbidity and mortality due to bacillary dysentery has decreased considerably in China in the past decade due to increasing access to affordable health care and antibiotics, a considerable burden exists among the youngest and oldest age groups and in regions with low economic development. We suggest that while a vaccine would be effective for short- and medium-term control of bacillary dysentery, improved water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are likely to be required for long-term control.
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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in China, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. METHODS: We extracted and integrated governmental statistics and relevant medical literature published from 1991 to 2000. Data were also collected from one general hospital each for the six provinces and Jin-an district, Shanghai, representative of six geographical regions and a modern city. FINDINGS: In 2000, 0.8-1.7 million episodes of bacillary dysentery occurred of which 0.5 to 0.7 million were treated at health-care facilities and 0.15-0.20 million patients were hospitalized. The highest morbidity and mortality rates were among the youngest and oldest age groups. Bacillary dysentery peaked during the summer months. The major causative species was Shigella flexneri (86%) and the predominant S. flexneri serotype was 2a (80%). About 74-80% of Shigella isolates remained susceptible to fluorinated quinolones. CONCLUSION: We conclude that while morbidity and mortality due to bacillary dysentery has decreased considerably in China in the past decade due to increasing access to affordable health care and antibiotics, a considerable burden exists among the youngest and oldest age groups and in regions with low economic development. We suggest that while a vaccine would be effective for short- and medium-term control of bacillary dysentery, improved water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are likely to be required for long-term control.
BASE
In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization: the international journal of public health, Band 84, Heft 7
ISSN: 0042-9686, 0366-4996, 0510-8659