Reform of the Canada Pension Plan: Analytical Considerations
In: IMF Working Paper, S. 1-30
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In: IMF Working Paper, S. 1-30
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 31, Heft 16, S. 23979-23994
ISSN: 1614-7499
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In: EEREV-D-22-01009
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 10, S. 15117-15126
ISSN: 1614-7499
AbstractAn increasing number of studies examined the potential effects of PM1 (submicronic particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 μm) on the risk of respiratory diseases; however, the results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the overall association between PM1 with total and cause-specific respiratory diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with 68 related articles retrieved, and six articles met the full inclusion criteria for the final analysis. For a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.05 (95% CI 0.98–1.12) for total respiratory diseases, 1.25 (95% CI 1.00–1.56) for asthma, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.10) for pneumonia with the I2 value of 87%, 70%, and 0%, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that long-term exposure to PM1 was associated with increased risk of asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.33–1.63) with an I2 value of 0%, while short-term exposure to PM1 was not associated with asthma (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89–1.27) with the I2 value of 0%. Egger's test showed that publication bias existed (P = 0.041); however, the funnel plot was symmetrical with the inclusion of the moderator. In conclusion, elevated levels of PM1 may increase morbidity in total and cause-specific respiratory diseases in the population.
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Working paper
In: HELIYON-D-23-63807
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 41, S. 94623-94638
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 226, S. 112830
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 55, S. 82762-82771
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: JEMA-D-22-05279
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 31, Heft 16, S. 24113-24128
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 251, S. 114534
ISSN: 1090-2414