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"For several decades now, China has been accelerating its pursuit of greater international prestige and influence. One increasingly prominent facet of that pursuit is the development of an independent space program. This book explains how China is now able to hold such ambitions and analyses how the interaction between technology, politics and economics has influenced the Chinese space program. This book will be of great interest to students of space studies, Chinese politics, security studies, and international relations in general."--Jacket

In the workplace, a lack of promotion opportunities causes a hierarchical plateau for some employees, which can lead to decreased work engagement. Using conservation of resources theory, we proposed that employees' repetitive and circular reflection on their work identity (forgone work
identity) would mediate the relationship between hierarchical plateau and work engagement. We also argued that promotion regulatory focus could serve as a moderator in this relationship. We collected data from 423 Chinese employees via an online survey conducted in two waves. Results showed
that hierarchical plateau was negatively related to work engagement, and forgone identity dwelling mediated this relationship. Additionally, promotion regulatory focus moderated the indirect relationship, such that the mediating effect was significant only for employees with high promotion
regulatory focus. These findings highlight the need to consider forgone work identity when examining the negative effects of a hierarchical plateau on work attitudes and behaviors.

The central dilemma for Chinese science and technology (S&T) policy is how to reform and improve such policies without the deleterious interventions of the past. In a centralized S&T system, government intervention has proved at times disruptive and even destructive to efforts at national economic advancement. The historical processes within China have produced an S&T system with enormous potential but plagued by difficulties in investment strategies and capacity for innovation. Simply put, investment levels have been low, and the capacity to generate more funding is lacking. How to improve the situation and confront the competitive challenges posed by a more transparent international economic system are considered in the last part of the article.

This work was financially supported by MICINN (PID2019-106832RB-I00), MICINN through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence for the FUNFUTURE (CEX2019-000917-S project) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017/SGR/1720). D. Ch.-L. acknowledges funding by project no. PGC2018-102047-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). Zhen Li is enrolled in the UAB PhD program and acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for his PhD grant (201808310071). ; A new unsymmetric carborane-based dicarboxylic linker provided a 1D Cu2-paddle wheel coordination polymer (2) with much higher hydrolytic stability than the corresponding 2D Cu2-paddle wheel polymer (1), obtained from a related more symmetrical carborane-based linker. Both 1 and 2 were used as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for a model aza-Michael reaction but only 2 can be reused several times without significant degradation in catalytic activity. ; Spanish Government ; European Commission PID2019-106832RB-I00 ; MICINN through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence for the FUNFUTURE CEX2019-000917-S ; Generalitat de Catalunya ; General Electric 2017/SGR/1720 ; MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE PGC2018-102047-B-I00 ; China Scholarship Council 201808310071

AbstractSince the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2012, the Party school system has been subject to several reforms. How well these reforms have been implemented in lower-level Party schools has received little attention because access is difficult to obtain. We conducted on-site investigations, interviews with cadres and surveys of trainees at a county/district-level Party school in an economically typical city and county. Our findings show that operational dilemmas lead to the perfunctory implementation of policy that is substantively deficient. These operational dilemmas are likely to be found in varying degrees in other county/district Party schools. Our finding that cadre education and training policy is implemented in a pro forma manner suggests that cadres may not be receiving the ideological education and practical training intended for them by the centre.