Ukraine is in a demographic crisis. The number of inhabitants is sinking, life expectancy has been in decline for five decades, the number of births does not even guarantee the reproduction of the population. The over-aging of society is the consequence. On top of that, there is the emigration of labor. Because the decline in population cannot be slowed, all efforts should be directed towards improving the quality of life of the people. Adapted from the source document.
"Die Ukraine ist in einer demographischen Krise. Die Einwohnerzahl sinkt, die Lebenserwartung geht seit fünf Jahrzehnten zurück, die Geburtenrate gewährleistet nicht einmal die Reproduktion der Bevölkerung. Eine Überalterung der Gesellschaft ist die Folge. Dazu kommt Arbeitsemigration. Da der Bevölkerungsrückgang nicht gebremst werden kann, sollten alle Anstrengungen darauf zielen, die Lebensqualität der Menschen zu erhöhen." (Autorenreferat)
The article is devoted to the generalization of theoretical views on governance as extended relations in society that are formed between subjects — natural persons and/or legal entities — when solving complex problems, overcoming which in various social spheres requires of them collective decisions and actions. The relevance of the work is due to the need to systematize modern views on the possibilities and conditions of practical application of decision-making and implementation mechanisms in multi-subject surroundings. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the universal definition of governance based on the generalization of its modern conceptions by various scientific schools. The novelty of the research is in the interpretation of governance as decision-making in multi-subject surroundings. The research methodology is based on the use of an interdisciplinary approach in outlining the most essential characteristics of decision-making process, which are the subject of numerous scientific studies of this social phenomenon. The article summarizes modern approaches to understanding the concept of governance. Its main characteristics, which manifest when it is used in various social spheres, have been revealed. This term is defined as institutionalized decision-making, which constitutes a mechanism for independent subjects to make coordinated decisions to obtain benefits determined by their interests when solving problems that would require significant efforts and resources to be overcome on one's own, or it would be impossible at all. This interpretation makes it possible to substantiate the universality of the use of decision-making in social relations; it is due to the perceived need of subjects for the joint with others search and implementation of solutions to achieve their own goals. The content-dependency inherent in modern scientific approaches is proven when the concept of governance is defined, which is determined by the specifics of relations, the peculiarities of the institutional environment of a specific social sphere. Based on the most widespread modes of institutionalized multi-subject decision-making, a classification of its types and forms is proposed. The formation of social capital within the framework of the network regime of governance is considered. A conclusion is made about the need to build social relations in the conditions of decentralization reforms in Ukraine using the mechanism of governance.
