Suchergebnisse

This paper examines from a theoretical perspective how each of three major ideological orientations towards the welfare state (structural left; social democracy; new/far right) might incorporate an intermediate level of interest between a central and local governments—namely, a province. While the analysis is most straightforward at either end of the spectrum, it is complex for the middle grouping. The paper observes one commonality across all points on the ideological spectrum: there is an increasing loss of faith and disillusionment everywhere with big government, with a resulting focus on more local neighbourhoods and communities (which may or may not include provinces). A brief case example, dealing with the development of legal aid in Canada, is presented for illustrative purposes. The paper ultimately suggests caution: in a world of monetarist economic policies, a central government must always retain pre‐eminent interest.

In Canada, only about 22% of all applicants to join the armed forces are ultimately accepted; others are rejected for failure of intelligence tests, withdrawal of application, failure to return for further interviews, medical or other reasons. Only M unmarried Canadian citizens ages 17-24 & with high school education or less, are analyzed for the year 1971; these number 18,073. A general model is formulated & used for regression analysis. Higher future earnings, application from metropolitan areas, age increases (up to twenty), decreases in years of schooling, use of French, & taking the test GS2 rather than GC3, significantly increase the probability of failure or rejection. Means of increasing enlistment are considered. 3 Tables. Modified HA.

Within closed communities there can be scarcity of resources to deal with severe individual or family difficulties when they arise. In addition, the communities' closed boundaries may create barriers that prevent social services in the broader society from providing needed help. A model that attempts to overcome such barriers was examined in a qualitative study of 21 informal helpers known as askanim in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities in Canada and Israel. The findings highlight that askanim can play a key role in attempting to resolve problems internally within the community; should this fail, they can then serve as a bridge to the social services in the broader society. In both countries, professionals may approach them if they lack credibility, legitimacy, or information needed to assist families and children within a closed community. This model of collaboration that recognizes the limitations of professionals and the complementary role that resources from the community may have can potentially be applied to work with families and children in other closed communities as well.