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© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Ready-to-eat sprouts are becoming popular healthy fresh foods. Germination and elicitation may be used to improve phytochemical and functional quality of sprouts. The aim of this study was to unveil the efficacy of germination and the use of elicitors (500. μM ascorbic, 50. μM folic and 5. mM glutamic acid) to enhance the phenolic composition and antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of 8. day-old Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Pinto sprouts. Sprouting produced a general decrease in flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins of sprouts that was compensated with a higher content of flavanones and flavonols. Although elicitor treatments reduced total phenolic content of sprouts, they promoted the synthesis of specific flavanones and flavonol O-glycosides, effect that was dependent on the type of elicitor. Antioxidant activity was not affected by ascorbic and folic acid treatments whereas it was slightly reduced in glutamic acid-treated sprouts. Folic acid was the only treatment that caused an outstanding increase in the ACE inhibitory activity of sprouts. In conclusion, elicitation may produce positive changes in the phenolic profile and improve health-promoting potential of sprouts, although selection of elicitor is crucial to deliver marketplace ready to eat sprouts enriched in specific bioactive phytochemicals. ; This work was cofunded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through the project number AGL2010-16310 and the European Union through FEDER programme. R.I.L. thanks CSIC and European Societal Funds for providing a PhD fellowship. M.D. and E.P. thanks the Spanish "Ramón y Cajal" Program for financial support. ; Peer Reviewed

The aim of this study was to investigate the application of elicitors (500 μM ascorbic acid, 50 μM folic acid, 5 mM glutamic acid and 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid) during lentil germination up to 8 days as a strategy to increase germination rate and to enhance the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenolic compounds. The effect of elicitation on the protein profile and antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of sprouted lentils was also evaluated. The application of elicitors did not negatively affect the germination yield of lentils and no significant changes on the protein pattern of lentils germinated in the presence of elicitors were observed. Chitosan/glutamic acid increased by 1.6-fold the GABA content in lentil sprouts, whilst ascorbic and folic acids as well as chitosan/glutamic acid were highly effective to enhance the total content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of sprouted lentils. All elicited lentil sprouts showed ability to inhibit ACE activity (IC50: 9.5–11.9 μg peptides/mL). Therefore, elicitation can be considered a promising approach to improve the content of compounds with antioxidant and potential antihypertensive activities in lentil sprouts. ; This work was cofounded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) through the project AGL2010-16310 and the European Union through FEDER programme. E. Peñas in indebted to Spanish "Ramón y Cajal" Programme for financial support and R.I. Limón to CSIC and European Social Fund providing a PhD fellowship. ; Peer reviewed