Suchergebnisse

Abstract "Labor is not a commodity": One of the earliest understandings of this maxim concerns the intermediation of employment by supporting policies to extinguish the fees charged to workers for their placement. In Brazil, employment agencies fees never disappeared. The article goes back to the period of expansion of private intermediation in Rio de Janeiro, from 1950 to 1975, to observe their market practices. In order to attract job seekers and convince them to pay for an intermediation service, we argue that those actors performed the commodityhood of job vacancies. We analyzed a sample of 3556 job and employment agencies ads published in the Jornal do Brasil, from 1945 to 1975, highlighting three social processes of commoditization of job vacancies: the objectivation of job vacancies as "real things to be bought," the performing of profusion and collection of job vacancies as "things to be chosen," and the social ascension rhetoric of the unemployed to the status of customer. With the employment agencies work market, the world of labor appears as colonized by techniques, codes, and expectations from world of mass consumption.

Au Brésil l'histoire des mondes du travail est indissociable de celle des acteurs qui ont fait commerce de la mise à disposition et de la mobilisation de la force de travail. Je me propose ici de remonter aux sources du système d'intermédiation de l'emploi brésilien contemporain qui se distingue dans le monde par l'usage de bureaux de placement payants pour les travailleurs. Dans ce but, l'article retrace le processus d'institutionnalisation du marché du placement des chômeurs qui, en 1972, a conduit le gouvernement autoritaire à dénoncer la convention n° 96 de l'Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) visant à l'extinction des bureaux de placement payants, texte pourtant ratifié par le pays en 1957. La régulation du commerce du placement est analysée au prisme des rapports entre l'élite gestionnaire des entreprises, l'administration du ministère du Travail et les organisations représentatives des intérêts des intermédiaires.

Grey areas for the self-sufficiency of young people. The inclusion of family solidarity in the funds for supporting young people
How are public and family solidarity expressed in concrete terms in the financial assistance schemes for vulnerable young people ? For those directly involved with public solidarity who are tasked with implementing the social policy for young people, this question relates to the extent and limits of family solidarity, i. e. of the support the young person may reasonably expect from their parent in varying social and economic configurations. An ethnographic study into two departmental funds for aid for young people reveals, firstly, the implicit familialisation of integration aid, taking the family rather than the individual as the basic unit of intervention and, moreover, the challenges encountered by those directly involved in this scheme when assessing self-sufficiency of the individual at stage of life characterised by fluctuating and ambiguous situations.