Proceedings of: 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 19-22 October, 2021, Taipei, Taiwan. ; This work presents the design of a high gain wideband antenna for 28 GHz band application. The antenna structure was inspired from a conventional circular patch which is modified using consecutive loading of two parasitic patch. The presented antenna offers a wideband to completely cover the globally allocated band spectrum for 28 GHz 5G applications. Moreover, the broad side radiation pattern, relatively compact size and high gain makes the proposed work potential candidate for future 5G applications. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538. Also, this work is partially supported by Antenna and Wireless Propagation Group (AWPG). https://sites.google.com/view/awpgrp.
A miniaturized in size linear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array operating on demand at 28 GHz and 24.8 GHz for 5G applications is presented and investigated in this research work. The antenna array has the capability to switch and operate efficiently from 28 GHz to 24.8 GHz with more than 15 dB gain at each frequency, having 2.1 GHz and 1.9 GHz bandwidth, respectively. The unit cell of the proposed antenna array consists of a transmission line (TL) fed circular patch connected with horizontal and vertical stubs. The vertical stubs are used to switch the operating frequency and mitigate the unwanted interaction between the adjacent elements of the antenna array to miniaturize the overall dimension of the array. The proposed antenna array is compared with the recent works published in the literature for 5G applications to demonstrate the features of miniaturization and high gain. The proposed array is a potential candidate for 5G sensors applications like cellular devices, drones, biotelemetry sensors, etc. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538.
Proceedings of: 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 19-22 October, 2021, Taipei, Taiwan. ; Design and analysis of a wideband compact flexible antenna is presented in this paper. The bandwidth enhancement of conventional triangular quarter wave monopole antenna is achieved by utilizing the combination of a fractal structure along with open ended stub. Moreover, the flexibility analysis was studied to show the stability of presented work for conformal analysis. Furthermore, compact size, wideband, stable performance in flexibility condition makes the proposed work potential candidate for WLAN, Wi-Fi and C-band Applications. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538. Also, this work is partially supported by Antenna and Wireless Propagation Group (AWPG); https://sites.google.com/view/awpgrp.
We're living in a world where information processing isn't confined to desktop computers-it's being integrated into everyday objects and activities. Pervasive computation is human centered: it permeates our physical world, helping us achieve goals and fulfill our needs with minimum effort by exploiting natural interaction styles. Remote interaction with screen displays requires a sensor-based, multimodal, touchless approach. For example, by processing user hand gestures, this paradigm removes constraints requiring physical contact and permits natural interaction with tangible digital information. Such touchless interaction can be multimodal, exploiting the visual, auditory, and olfactory senses. ; Acknowledgments This study received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 801538. *is study was also partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) (RTI2018- 095499-B-C31). Additionally, the authors sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project (RSP- 2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The authors appreciate financial support from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538. As well as, this work was partially supported by the Antenna and Wireless Propagation Group (https://sites.google.com/view/awpgrp/home accessed on 16 June 2021) and from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
This paper presents a unique concentric hexagonal-shaped ring antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The rings are excited with a common microstrip feedline. The radiation characteristics of the antenna is improved by locating a horizontal a parasitic element in the vicinity of the hexagonal-shaped rings. The proposed antenna was used in the implementation of a 3×1 antenna array. The impedance match of the 3×1 RFID tag was enhanced by incorporating a T-shaped stub. The antenna is designed to operate at the UHF band from 800 MHz to 960 MHz. It was implemented on FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant and thickness of 4.3 and 1.6 mm, respectively. The size of the RFID tag antenna is 36×10 mm 2 . Its impedance was matched to Alien Higgs RFIC chip of impedance 10 – j 82.5 Ω at 895 MHz. Measured results show the proposed RFID tag antenna provides an impedance bandwidth, maximum gain and radiation efficiency of 160 MHz, 2 dBi, and 66.5%, respectively. With effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) limited to 36 dBm to comply with FCC regulations for UHF band RFIDs it radiates in the broadside direction over a range of 9 m making it desirable for various applications including supply chain management, logistic control, and vehicle identification. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538. Also, this work is partially supported by RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Funded by Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE). Additionally, it received funding from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
This paper presents a metasurface based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a wideband operation for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems. The antenna system consists of four elements placed with a 90 degree shift in order to achieve a compact MIMO system while a 2×2 non-uniform metasurface (total four elements) is placed at the back of the MIMO configuration to improve the radiation characteristics of it. The overall size of the MIMO antenna is 24×24 mm 2 while the operational bandwidth of the proposed antenna system ranges from 23.5-29.4 GHz. The peak gain achieved by the proposed MIMO antenna is almost 7dB which is further improved up to 10.44 dB by employing a 2×2 metasurface. The total efficiency is also observed more than 80% across the operating band. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are analyzed which demonstrate good characteristics. All the simulations of the proposed design are carried out in computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one which make it a potential contender for the upcoming 5G communication systems. ; This work was supported in part by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538, and in part by the the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE) under Grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31.
The main objective of this work is to investigate the combinatory effects of both uniaxial magnetic and electrical anisotropies on the input impedance, resonant length and the mutual coupling between two dipoles printed on an anisotropic grounded substrate. Three different configurations: broadside, collinear and echelon are considered for the coupling investigation. The study is based on the numerical solution of the integral equation using the method of moments through the mathematical derivation of the appropriate Green's functions in the spectral domain. In order to validate the computing method and evaluated Matlab calculation code, numerical results are compared with available literature treating particular cases of uniaxial electrical anisotropy; good agreements are observed. New results of dipole structures printed on uniaxial magnetic anisotropic substrates are presented and discussed, with the investigation of the combined electrical and magnetic anisotropies effect on the input impedance and mutual coupling for different geometrical configurations. The combined uniaxial (electric and magnetic) anisotropies provide additional degrees of freedom for the input impedance control and coupling reduction. ; This work was supported in part by the Electronic Components and Systems (ECSEL) Joint Undertaking, which is part of thePOSITION-II Project under Grant Ecsel-7831132- Position-II-2017-IA, www.position-2.eu, in part by Fundação para a Ciência e aTecnologia–Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT/MCTES) through National Funds and co-funded European Union (EU) Funds under Project UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020, in part by the General Directorate of Scientific Research andTechnological Development (DGRSDT)–Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS), Algeria, and in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI-Agencia Estatal de Investigación-al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (AEI/FEDER), UE) under Grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31.
Circular polarized (CP) antennas are well suited for long-distance transmission attainment. In order to be adaptable for beyond 5G communication, a detailed and systematic investigation of their important conventional features is required for expected enhancements. The existing designs employing millimeter wave, microwave, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies form the elementary platform for future studies. The 3.4–3.8 GHz frequency band has been identified as a worthy candidate for 5G communications because of spectrum availability. This band comes under UWB frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz). In this survey, a review of CP antennas in the selected areas to improve the understanding of early-stage researchers specially experienced antenna designers has presented for the first time as best of our knowledge. Design implementations involving size, axial ratio, efficiency, and gain improvements are covered in detail. Besides that, various design approaches to realize CP antennas including (a) printed CP antennas based on parasitic or slotted elements, (b) dielectric resonator CP antennas, (c) reconfigurable CP antennas, (d) substrate integrated waveguide CP antennas, (e) fractal CP antennas, (f) hybrid techniques CP antennas, and (g) 3D printing CP antennas with single and multiple feeding structures have investigated and analyzed. The aim of this work is to provide necessary guidance for the selection of CP antenna geometries in terms of the required dimensions, available bandwidth, gain, and useful materials for the integration and realization in future communication systems. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538. Also, this work was partially supported by RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Funded by Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE).
This article belongs to the Special Issue Transmit and Receive Techniques for Next Generation Massive MIMO Systems. ; An easy-to-manufacture and efficient four-port-printed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna operating across an ultra-wideband (UWB) region (2.9–13.6 GHz) is proposed and investigated here. The phenomenon of the polarization diversity is used to improve the isolation between MIMO antenna elements by deploying four orthogonal antenna elements. The proposed printed antenna (40 × 40 × 1.524 mm3) is made compact by optimizing the circular-shaped radiating components via vertical stubs on top of the initial design to maximally reduce unwanted interaction while placing them together in proximity. The measurements of the prototype MIMO antennas corroborate the simulation performance. The findings are compared to the recent relevant works presented in the literature to show that the proposed antenna is suitable for UWB MIMO applications. The proposed printed UWB MIMO antenna could be a good fit for compact portable wireless electronic devices. ; This project received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538. Furthermore, this work was partially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
This paper presents a metasurface based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a wideband operation for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems. The antenna system consists of four elements placed with a 90 degree shift in order to achieve a compact MIMO system while a 2× 2 non-uniform metasurface (total four elements) is placed at the back of the MIMO configuration to improve the radiation characteristics of it. The overall size of the MIMO antenna is 24× 24 mm2 while the operational bandwidth of the proposed antenna system ranges from 23.5-29.4 GHz. The peak gain achieved by the proposed MIMO antenna is almost 7dB which is further improved up to 10.44 dB by employing a 2× 2 metasurface. The total efficiency is also observed more than 80% across the operating band. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are analyzed which demonstrate good characteristics. All the simulations of the proposed design are carried out in computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one which make it a potential contender for the upcoming 5G communication systems. ; This work was supported in part by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538, and in part by the the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE) under Grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31.
This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Antenna Systems: Challenges, Developments, and Applications. ; In this article, we investigated the secrecy performance of a three-hop relay network system with Power Splitting (PS) and Energy Harvesting (EH). In the presence of one eavesdropper, a signal is transferred from source to destination with the help of a relay. The source signal transmits in full-duplex (FD) mood, jamming the relay transfer signals to the destination. The relay and source employ Time Switching (TS) and Energy Harvesting (EH) techniques to obtain the power from the power beacon. In this study, we compared the Secrecy Rate of two Cooperative Schemes, Amplify and Forward (AF) and Decode and Forward (DF), for both designed systems with the established EH and PS system. The Secrecy Rate was improved by 50.5% in the AF scheme and by 44.2% in the DF scheme between the relay and eavesdropper at 40 m apart for the proposed system in EH and PS. This simulation was performed using the Monto Carlo method in MATLAB. ; The authors appreciate the financial support from the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Zhengzhou 2019CXZX0037, the Special Project for Inter-Government Collaboration of State Key Research and Development Program 2016YFE0118400, and NSFC U1604159. Furthermore, the funding from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538 is appreciated. Additionally, the partially supported from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, is acknowledged.
Antennas on-chip are a particular type of radiating elements valued for their small footprint. They are most commonly integrated in circuit boards to electromagnetically interface free space, which is necessary for wireless communications. Antennas on-chip radiate and receive electromagnetic (EM) energy as any conventional antennas, but what distinguishes them is their miniaturized size. This means they can be integrated inside electronic devices. Although on-chip antennas have a limited range, they are suitable for cell phones, tablet computers, headsets, global positioning system (GPS) devices, and WiFi and WLAN routers. Typically, on-chip antennas are handicapped by narrow bandwidth (less than 10%) and low radiation efficiency. This survey provides an overview of recent techniques and technologies investigated in the literature, to implement high performance on-chip antennas for millimeter-waves (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) integrated-circuit (IC) applications. The technologies discussed here include metamaterial (MTM), metasurface (MTS), and substrate integrated waveguides (SIW). The antenna designs described here are implemented on various substrate layers such as Silicon, Graphene, Polyimide, and GaAs to facilitate integration on ICs. Some of the antennas described here employ innovative excitation mechanisms, for example comprising open-circuited microstrip-line that is electromagnetically coupled to radiating elements through narrow dielectric slots. This excitation mechanism is shown to suppress surface wave propagation and reduce substrate loss. Other techniques described like SIW are shown to significantly attenuate surface waves and minimise loss. Radiation elements based on the MTM and MTS inspired technologies are shown to extend the effective aperture of the antenna without compromising the antenna's form factor. Moreover, the on-chip antennas designed using the above technologies exhibit significantly improved impedance match, bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency compared to previously used technologies. These features make such antennas a prime candidate for mmWave and THz on-chip integration. This review provides a thorough reference source for specialist antenna designers. ; This work was supported in part by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538, in part by the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) under Grant 206606, and in part by the National Science Centre of Poland under Grant 2018/31/B/ST7/02369.
A novel technique is shown to improve the isolation between radiators in antenna arrays. The proposed technique suppresses the surface-wave propagation and reduces substrate loss thereby enhancing the overall performance of the array. This is achieved without affecting the antenna's footprint. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a four-element array for 5G MIMO applications. Each radiating element in the array is constituted from a 3 × 3 matrix of interconnected resonant elements. The technique involves (1) incorporating matching stubs within the resonant elements, (2) framing each of the four-radiating elements inside a dot-wall, and (3) defecting the ground plane with dielectric slots that are aligned under the dot-walls. Results show that with the proposed approach the impedance bandwidth of the array is increased by 58.82% and the improvement in the average isolation between antennas #1&2, #1&3, #1&4 are 8 dB, 14 dB, 16 dB, and 13 dB, respectively. Moreover, improvement in the antenna gain is 4.2% and the total radiation efficiency is 23.53%. These results confirm the efficacy of the technique. The agreement between the simulated and measured results is excellent. Furthermore, the manufacture of the antenna array using the proposed approach is relatively straightforward and cost effective. ; This project has received funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538. Also, this work is partially supported by the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Grant 206606, the National Science Centre of Poland Grant 2018/31/B/ST7/02369, and the British Council "2019 UK-China-BRI Countries Partnership Initiative" programme, with project titled "Adapting to Industry 4.0 oriented International Education and Research Collaboration".
In this paper, we present an analytical study for the investigation of the effects of the magnetoelectric elements of a reciprocal and nonreciprocal bianisotropic grounded substrate on the input impedance, resonant length of a dipole antenna as well as on the mutual coupling between two element printed dipole array in three configuration geometries: broadside, collinear and echelon printed on the same material. This study examines also the effect of the considered bianisotropic medium on the electric and magnetic field distributions that has been less addressed in the literature for antenna structures. Computations are based on the numerical resolution, using the spectral method of moments, of the integral equation developed through the mathematical derivation of the appropriate spectral Green"s functions of the studied dipole configuration. Original results, for chiral, achiral, Tellegen and general bi-anisotropic media cases, are obtained and discussed with the electric and magnetic field distributions for a better understanding and interpretation. These interesting results can serve as a stepping stone for further works to attract more attention to the reciprocal and non-reciprocal Tellgen media in-depth studies. ; This work is funded in part by: La Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique (DGRSDT), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Algeria, RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). Besides above, this work is also supported by the FCT/MEC through national funds and when applicable co-financed by the ERDF, under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement under the UID/EEA/50008/2019 project. This work is part of the POSITION-II project funded by the ECSEL joint Undertaking under Grant Number Ecsel-7831132-Postitio-II-2017-IA, www. posit ...
