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Machine generated contents note: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Liberal Democratic Principles and China's Authoritarian Tradition -- 3. Ideological Transportation in Pre-Reform China -- 4. Evolution of Democratic Ideas in Post-Mao China -- 5. From a 'Party State' toward the a 'State-Party' -- 6. Institutional Innovations toward Democracy -- 7. Conclusions

Abstract
When using maps to study China's historical concept of itself, we find that the research can be divided into two schools: the "Map of the Traces of Yu" (Yu ji tu 禹跡圖) system and the "Unification Map" (yitong tu 一統圖) system. There are also two major classifications for the type of map used: the "China Proper" type and the type that includes the outlying areas. These competing concepts of what constitutes China reflect the different modes of life that have existed alongside each other throughout China's long history, namely the agrarian and the nomadic lifestyles. The relationship between these two economic modes has alternated between peaceful and hostile and this tumultuous relationship has influenced who are considered "real" Chinese and who are the outsiders. This paper explores the evolution of what is considered China's territory and what is not.

Beijing's new strategies toward Taiwan are informed by neo-functionalism derived from European experiences, assuming that economic integration will eventually lead to political accommodation and integration. Despite the surprising Sunflower Movement and the fiasco of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in the 2014 local elections, Beijing will try its best to maintain the momentum of peaceful development of cross-Strait relations. Facing a brand new Taiwan that seems an oddity to the mainland, however, Beijing has adapted to 'the new normal' with a slower pace, refocusing on the economic and cultural issues. Whether or to what degree Beijing will change its asymmetric engagements with the two main parties on the island, however, is contingent upon whether the KMT and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) can reach a balance of power domestically and whether their policies toward the mainland converge rather than diverge. At any rate, Beijing is likely to pay more attention to ordinary people's feelings about cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and consider quality of cross-Strait exchange as more important than quantity of activities. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Recent leadership transition in China was a mixture of institutional formalization and political personalization. Intra-party democracy has been conducted within the framework of one-party rule and guided by the predetermined principle of democratic centralism. Past choices of rules constrain China's institution building, while providing new opportunities for the reform elite.