Intro -- Contents -- Tables, Maps, and Figures -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Part 1: National Context -- 2 The Operating System of Spatial Transformation -- 3 Maoist Plan-Ideological Space -- 4 Post-Mao Market-Regulatory Space -- Part 2: Development of the Pearl River Delta -- 5 Economic and Spatial Transformation -- 6 Rural Industrialization -- 7 Transport Development -- 8 Influence of Hong Kong -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
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Existing literature on China's urbanization focuses primarily on the expansion of cities and towns, with little attention being paid to urban renewals. The wasteful use of urban land has conventionally been attributed to the ambiguous definition and ineffective protection of property rights. This study examines recent practices in urban redevelopment in Guangzhou - a site chosen by the central authorities to pilot urban renewals (sanjiu gaizao). The research identifies a local practice in which institutional changes are made not in the delineation of land property rights but instead in the redistribution of the benefits to be made from land redevelopment. Current users of the land are offered a share of the land conveyance income previously monopolized by the state as an incentive to encourage them to engage in urban renewal. Land-use intensity and efficiency have increased, along with social exclusion and marginalization. Research findings cast doubt over the perceived notion that the uniform and unambiguous definition of property rights is the prerequisite for improved land-use efficiency and call for a critical evaluation of the current urban renewal policies that completely ignore the interests of the migrant population who outnumber local residents by a large margin. (China Q/GIGA)
This article examines the relationship between urban land development and municipal finance in a Chinese regional economy undergoing rapid urbanization. Drawing upon insights from the perspective of political economy, this article identifies a strategy by which land-centered urbanization has been actively pursued as a means of revenue generation in response to the reshuffling of state power. The territorialization of state power is realized through the expansion of urban space into the rural vicinity and the conversion of rural land into high-valued urban development to a greater regional extent. In contrast to the urbanization of capital observed in the global North, where an overaccumulation of capital leads to a sequential switch of the circuits of capital, urbanization in China has been pursued as a strategy to mobilize and accumulate original capital. Contrary to conventional wisdom, urbanization has not been an outcome responsive to economic growth; instead, it has been an active driving force instrumental to regional transformation. This article calls for greater attention to be directed to the interrelationship between land development, local public finance, and urbanization in the ongoing transformation of the Chinese political economy.
China's economic reform since 1978 has brought profound change, not only to the functioning of the state organization, but also to the structuring of the space economy. Prior to the reform, the Maoist regime introduced a system of state socialism featuring a centrally planned economy, an anti‐commercialist ideology and a development strategy that aimed at the rapid growth of industrial output. Important characteristics of the Maoist plan‐ideological space included an uneven economic landscape dominated by the northern manufacturing heartland, a rigid urban hierarchy vertically integrated by a few large cities, and an 'invisible wall' separating urban and rural settlements. The post‐reform market‐regulatory regime has decentralized the power of decision‐making, allowed a market economy to 'grow out of the plan', and freed state control over some peripheral areas that are not indispensable to the growth of the national economy. This has given rise to a distinct developmental landscape marked by the rapid expansion of new production space in South China, small towns and the vast countryside. Spatial restructuring in post‐reform China has been primarily a result of state disarticulation rather than increased state intervention. A distinction needs to be made between 'nation‐state' and 'local‐state' for a better understanding of the operating mechanism of regional development. To solve the mystery of China's spatial restructuring requires a comprehensive approach that moves beyond the traditional East‐West regional dichotomy and concentrates on the shifting emphasis of the production space between North and South China, between large cities and small towns, and between cities and the countryside.La réforme économique en Chine depuis 1978 a produit un profond changement, non seulement du fonctionnement de l'organisation de l'état, mais aussi de la structuration de l'économie de l'espace. Avant la réforme, le régime maoîste avait introduit un système de socialisme d'état marqué par une économie planifiée centralement, une idéologie anti‐marché, et une stratégie de développement qui avait pour but la croissance rapide de la production industrielle. Les caractéristiques importantes de l'espace maoîste comprenaient un paysage économique inégal dominé par le centre stratégique de la manufacture du nord, une hiérarchie urbaine rigide intégrée verticalement par quelques grandes villes, et un 'mur invisible' séparant les installations urbaines et rurales. Le régime de régulation du marché après les réformes a décentralisé la prise de décisions, a permis à une économie de marché de 'sortir du plan' et a libéré le contrtôle de l'état sur quelques domaines périphériques qui ne sont pas indispensables à la croissance de l'économie. Ceci a créé un paysage distinctif de développement marqué par l'expansion rapide d'un nouvel espace de production en Chine du sud, dans les petites villes et dans la campagne immense. La restructuration spatiale dans la Chine d'après les réformes a été avant tout un résultat de la désarticulation de l'état plutôt que de son intervention croissante. Afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme d'opération du développement régional, une distinction doit ?tre faite entre 'nation‐état' et 'état‐local'. La résolution du mystère de la restructuration spatiale en Chine demande une approche compréhensive allant plus loin que la dichotomie régionale traditionnelle est‐ouest et portant son attention sur l'accentuation changeante de l'espace de production entre la Chine du nord et la Chine du sud, entre les grandes cités et les petites villes, et entre les villes et la campagne.
